
Class 
Book 



COPYRIGHT DEPOSJT 




I-Voi.i a Dhotograph by M-iUiani Diinvidilie. 



Colonel Theodore Roosevelt in the Field. 



THE STORY OF 

THE ROUGH RIDERS 

1«T u. S. VOLUNTEER CAVALRY 

THE REGIMENT IN CAMP AND ON THE BATTLE FIELD 



BY 

EDWARD MARSHALL 



ILLUSTRATED KROM PHOTOliRAl'lIS TAKEN OX THE Flf^LI) AND WITH 
DRAWINGS MADE BY 

EICHARD F. OUTCAULT 



<&. 



NEW YORK 

G. W. DILLINGHAM CO., Publishers 



MDCccxeix ^s<^^-^ 



[All ri(jltls ri'siTird] 



Copyright, 1899, by 
0. \V. DILLINGHAM CO. 

^_ v£0. 



■/■ ■'■;:v^^ 



l< 



MAR 13 1899 







EXECUTIVE MANSION. 

WASHINGTON. 



February 21, 1899 



All of our soldiers in Cuba did well- 
It was an honor to the First United States 
Volunteer Cavalry to be with them, and it 
was an honor to the army to have this 
splendid regiment at the front . 

/ 



A TRIBUTE FROM THE SECRETARY 
OF AVAR. 

The First United States Volunteer Cavalry was an 
admirable regiment, and did good service dnring tlic 
war. Officers and men alike acquitted themselves most 
creditably. 'I'hey were promjjtly oi'ganized, were 
c(inil)I)ed with smokeless-powder carl)ines, and took 
l>art in every military engagement in Cuba, except the 
light at El Caney. Wherever they were thev did well. 




MAJOR-GENERAL LEONARD WOOD\S 
OPINION OF THE REGLMENT. 

Notwitlistanding the fact that 1113' connection with the 
regiment, as commanding officer, ceased on June 30th, 
the day before the San Juan charge, my interest in it 
lias never lessened for a moment. I was naturally proud 
of my connection with it at the beginning. I am proud 
now of the fact that I went into the war as its colonel, 
and I am proud of its record. AYhen I began to do what 
I could at San Antonio, to organize the regiment into a 
creditable military body, I said to the men of it: 

" Make yourselves as much like regular soldiers as you 
can in the shortest possible time. If you think only of 
that you will be thinking exactly of the right thing and 
you will have enough to think about to keep you very 
busy. If you devote your time and attention to that, 
the regiment will be a success." 

The men did make themselves so much like regulars 
that it was hard to tell the difference, and the regiment 
was a success. 

It would be utterly Useless for me to recapitulate now 
the history <>f the good work the Rough Riders did. 
They were not the only good soldiers in the army, but 
they were among the best, and they did not do any bad 
work. 




FROM LIEUTENANT-COLONEL (FOR- 
MERLY MAJOR) BRODIE. 

Never in the history of the -world had such a regiment 
been organized. It was made up of men of the frontier, 
who were joined by volunteers from nearly every State 
and Territory in the Union. The former were accus- 
tomed to adventure, and the latter joined the regiment 
IxH'ause they were looking for it, so there was no man 
in tlie whole organization who was not anxious to face 
hardship and brave death. We had all either seen or 
wanted to see hard w^ork. We got it. The regiment 
contained no shirkers. I was wounded at Las Guasimas. 
It is one of tlu^ regrets of my life that I could not have 
been with the men at San Juan. I rejoined the regiment 
at Montauk. 

AV(> were as lucky in our two commanding officers as 
we were hicky in our men. Wood and Roosevelt were 
of the very few worthy to command a regiment like the 
Rough Riders. They were strong of mind and body, 
knew the military business, w^ere self-forgetting, patient 
and brave. r)oth have since won high honors, and both 
have absolutely deserved them. To neither of them, in 
all his life, can any honor come which is too high. 

Alexander O. Brodie. 



PREFACE. 

The author makes no apologies for devoting an entire 
book to the story of one regiment in the Spanish- Ameri- 
can AVar. The history of the Rough Riders is really 
the history of the war, for from its beginning to its end 
these men were at the forefront of the fighting, and did 
work on a par with our very l)est regulars. The Ameri- 
can people has already formed its estimate of them. 
Captain Lee, who was the English military attache dur- 
ing the entire campaign, told me that they were the best 
regiment of volunteer soldiers ever organized, and this 
English estimate quite agrees with that made by George 
Lynch, an experienced correspondent from London. 
He said: 

" Xo European, who has had an opportunity to study 
the Rough Riders, fails for a second to appreciate the 
American soldier. It would be madness to back the 
English, German, or French fighting machines against 
men like tliose in the First Volunteer Cavalry." 

The Rough Riders were the first volunteer regiment 
organized, armed, and equipped. They were the first 
volunteer soldiers to land in Cuba. They raised the 
first flag flo^\Ti by the military forces of the United 
States on foreign soil since the ^lexican AVar. 
They were the first regiment of the army to fire a shot 
at the Spaniards, and the fir^^t man killed was one of 
them. Indeed, they bore the l)runt of the first battle, 
and they bore it with unexam])led bravery. In tlie 



PREFACE. 

second battle, their colonel and his men led the van and 
headed one of the most desperate charges in the history 
of warfare. From first to last they were always in the 
lead, and always a credit to themselves and to their 
conntry. 

If these men do not deserve a history book devoted 
entirely to them, then I am ignorant of any men who do. 

My own connection with the regiment began the day 
after they landed in Cnba (where I had gone as war 
correspondent for the New York Journal), and lasted 
jnst twenty-fonr honrs. It was then qnickly pnt a stop 
to by a jManser bullet. ISJ^ot more than six weeks ago 
Colonel, now Governor, Theodore Koosevelt sent me the 
medal of the regiment, and was good enongh to say that 
he was glad to consider me a member of it. Like medals 
and like letters were sent to Richard Harding Davis, the 
able col-respondent of the Xew "S'ork Jlenild and Scrih- 
nri-\^ M(i(jaziit(', and to C^aptain ]\IcCormack of the regu- 
lai' army. IJoth of these gentlemen were with the 
Rough Riders in the battl(Mif Las Guasimas, and, I tliiidc, 
afterwards at the battle of San Jnan. 

The faet that 1 was shot while on the battlefield with 
this regiment, naturally made me feel a deep sympathy 
with it, a hearty ])ri(le in all its acdiievements, and con- 
stant interest in everything it did in Cnba and, after 
its return, in America. When Mr. John H. Cook, the 
President of the G. W. Dillingham Company, asked me 
to write a history of the regiment I was, therefore, 
greatly pleased. Of course it was impossible that I 
should not have at hand some of the required material. 
My long illness, however, had not permitted me to 

xii 



J'RKFACE. 

gather il in a systciiial ic or sutficicnt way, and s(» I have 
had to call to luj a.ssistauec several members of ths 
regiment, as well as others. I am deeply indebted to 
Colonel Leouard S. AVood (now ^lajor-deneral and 
Alilitary Governor of Santiago Province), Captain James 
11. ^IcClintoek, Major Alexander Brodie, Lieutenant F. 
P. Hayes, and Privates George W. Bnrgess, Sam. W. 
Noyes, and " Judge " Murphy. I have borrowed anec- 
dote and fact freely from the newspaper press, and only 
regret that the almost universal anonymity of American 
journalism makes it impossible for me to thank and 
credit the writers by name. Richard F. Outcault, who 
has made the drawings for the ])0ok, has caught the spirit 
of the regiment and the scenes in which its work was 
done, admirably. I am further indebted to ^Ir. W. P. 
Hearst, the proprietor of the N^ew York Journal, whose 
constant kindness has permitted me to take time to write 
this book while still a member of the Journal staff. 




I 

I 



CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER I. 

' PAGE 

IIIE BUILDING OF THE REGIMENT ... 19 



CHAPTER II. 
TUE REGIMENT AT SAN ANTONIO .... 35 

CHAPTER III. 

AT TAMPA, AND THE TRIP TO CUBA ... 48 

CHAPTER IV. 
IN CUBA, BEFORE THE FIGHTING .... 65 

CHAPTER V. 
THE FIRST SHOT ....... 84 

CHAPTER VI. 

THE FIRST BATTLE ...... 101 

CllAPTEU VII. 

DEATH AND SUFFERING . . • • .122 

XV 



CONTENTS. 
CHAPTER Vlll. 

PAGK 

AFTER LAS GUASIMAS ...,., 137 

CHAPTER IX. 
THE BEGINNING OF SAN JUAN . , . .169 

CHAPTER X. 
THE CHARGE OF SAN JUAN . . „ . . 184 

CHAPTER XI. 

THE MEN WHO DIED . . . , o o 203 

CHAPTER XII. 
AFTER THE FIGHTING WAS OVER . . . .211 

CHAPTER XIII. 
LAST DAYS IN CUBA ...... 224 

CHAPTER XIV. 
HOME AGAIN ....... 235 

CHAPTER XV. 
IN NEW YORK ....... 256 

ROSTER 259 



LIST OF FITLL-PAGE ILLUSTRATIONS. 



Colonel Theodore Roosevelt in the Field . Frontii 

A Group of K Troop Mex 

The Dock at Port Tampa, Florida, on tiik Day ok Sailinc . 
Col. Leonard Wood in Consultation with Lieut.-Col. Roose- 
velt AT Daiquiri 

The First Camp of the Rough Riders, at Daiquiri . 

Building Palm Shelters 

Lieut. -Col. Roosevelt Examining the Severed Wire .iust 

before the Battle of Las Guasimas 
Cooking a Cuban Half-ration Breakfast 
Captain IMcClintock Wounded at Las Guasimas . 
The Battle-field of Las Gu'asimas 
Making Camp after the Battle of Las Guasimas 
Where the Rough Riders Waited in the Quivering Heat 

BEFORK the CHAK(iF, OF SaN JuAN . . . • • 

The Shkll at Kl 1^)So 

A Gun in Grimes's Battery 

Asleep in the Shade on the Railroad Leadinc; to Santiago 

Troopers at Mess at Montauk 

The Famous Recjimental Colors ....•• 

Colonel Roosevelt and His Staff at iAIontauk 

The Last Guard 



PAGE 

spiece 
31 
4.", 

59 
73 

87 

07 
113 
129 
141 
153 



1()5 
177 
189 
201 
213 
225 
237 
249 



THE 



STORY OF THE ROUGH RIDERS 



CHAPTER I. 

THE BUILDING 

OF THE REGIMENT. 




\\ V*. 



Rough, tough, we're the 

stuff, 
We want to figlit, and 

Ave can't get enough, 
Whoo-pee. 



This was the crv of the Tiong'h 
liidcrs. It is ju^t as well to i)ut it at 
the head of the eha])ter on (»ra,aniza- 
tioii as it would he to put it anvwhere 
else, for it imqiiestionahlv expre>se 1 
the sentiments of the men who joined 
the regiment, from the very begin- 
ning. 

The moment that the news])apers 
sent broadcast the tale that such a 
regiment was contenii)lated, excite- 
ment began in nearly every State in 
the Tnion, and did not end until the 
announcement was made that the regi- 
ment was complete. 
19 



TllK STOJn' OF 'I'llE UOL'GII KlUERS. 

As it stood finished, the troops which made it up, 
theoretically, came from the following sections, although 
men from the East and from other States and Territories 
were scattered through each troop. 

Troops A, B, and C, from Arizona. 

Troop D, from Oklahoma. 

Troops E, F, G, li, and I, from New Mexico. 

Troop K, from Eastern colleges and cities. 

Troops L and ]\I, from Indian Tei-ritory. 

Senator Warren, of Iowa, is responsible for the idea 
of the Rough Ividers. He introduced and carried 
through Congress, aided bv Senators Kyle, Carter, and 
others, a bill authorizing the enrollment of three regi- 
ments, to be made up of expert hunters, riflemen, cow- 
men, frontiersmen, and such other hardy characters as 
might care to enlist from the Territories. 

Captain Leonard Wood, of the ]\redical Corps, was the 
President's chief medical adviser, and had had much ex- 
perience in Indian fighting in the West. 

Theodore Roosevelt was Assistant Secretary of the 
!N^avy, and had had some knowledge of men and things 
on the frontier, through his life on his own and other 
ranches. 

It was the President's intention to offer to AVood the 
colonelcy of one regiment, to Roosevelt the colonelcy of 
a second, and to Griggsby, of Montana, the colonelcy of 
the third. Wood and Roosevelt received their offers at 
about the same moment. Roosevelt promptly declined 
his, on the theory that he had not liad sufiicient military 
experience to warrant him in taking command of a regi- 
ment. He asked that he might be given the second 

20 



THE JMILDINCI OF THE REGIMENT. 

place ill the reginieiit comiiiandcd l)y Wood, which was 
doii(\ Thus the Kough Riders began. 

Ah'xaiider Brodic, who afterwards became major of 
the regiiiient,was probably the first man to systematically 
start towards the organization of this particular regi- 
ment, lie Avas shot at Las Guasimas, and after the war 
he ran for Congress from his section, with disastrous 
resnhs. Xo more gallant soldier ever wore Uncle Sam's 
uniform. 

^Major l>rodie started about the organization of the 
regiment witli characteristic impetuosity, liefore he 
tek'grnplicd to the President that he had engaged him- 
self u])on the enterprise at all, he telegraphed to each 
county in Arizona, saying that he wanted men; that he 
wanted good men, and that he Avanted them quick. 
Brodie's first fear was that he would not receive sufficient 
re])lies, so that he could tender the services of a respecta- 
ble number. He made the conditions of enlistment very 
rigid. He demanded, first, that the men should be 
a'ood horsemen; second, that thev should be good 
marksmen; and. third, that they should be of good 
moral character. He askcnl for as many references as 
you would ask for if you were investigating the ante- 
cedents of a prospective servant girl. Tie had an idea 
that this request would bar from service in the legiment 
many men otherwise desirable, and it undoubtedly did. 
But his amazement was writ in large characters on his 
face and in his language, when he found tliat .\rizona 
contained enough men, exactlv to liis liking and ardently 
anxious for enlistment, to form a full regiment. This 
information he telegraphed to the President witli great 

21 



THE STORY OF THE KOLGH KIDERS. 

glee. But the President wired back to Brodie, that 
Arizona's quota of troops previously decided u})on by 
Congress assembled, was insufficient to enable liini to 
accept the services of a whole regiment from that Terri- 
tory, lie added to the message, and this well-nigh broke 
Ih-odie's heair, that not more than two iuuulred men 
could be taken. 

Brodie started oii a process of sifting, and pi'csently 
gathered at Prescott tiie best three buiKh'ed and tifty 
out of the lot. Fnmi these he selected two hundred, 
after having examined them first as to theii' (|ua!iHca- 
tions for killing S])aniar(ls and, second, as to their (pudi- 
fications for entei-ing into the lieaveidy (dioir, in case 
they should I)y chance l)e kiUed themsidves. 

dames 11. .Mc( 'lintock, afterwards cai)tain of B Troop, 
])ro])ab]y gave Brodie more assistance than any other 
one man. McClintock would have been a bad man Inm- 
self had he not been ])revented by the restraining in- 
fluence of tlie ])rofession of journalism, whicli he fol- 
lowed. Tie had l»een the editor of half a dozen pap(>rs 
in the Territory, some of whicli are as dead as lu^ came 
near to being at Las Guasimas; some of which now sur- 
vive on half-total disability, as he does; and some of 
which are as active and as stiu'dy as he was when he 
helped Brodie to organize the Arizona troops. 

I shall not attempt to tell a chronological history of 
the organization of this regiment, because I do not be- 
lieve that anyone could prepare such a c]ia]iter. The 
regiment was organized, as most of its meml)ers had 
previously lived, and as it fought at Guasimas and San 
Ju an — helter-skelter. 

23 



TIIK JJUlLDINc; OF TllK i{K( i I M KNT, 

Arizona fuiiiislicd the rci;iiiifiital colors and the 
rogiiiicntal mascot. Tlie universal sympathy which 
existed between the people of tlie Territory and the ob- 
ject of the oriianization, couhl not be more plainly shown 
than it was by these two episodes. The ladies ot the 
Women's Kelief Corps at Phamix gave the flag, which 
was presented by the Governor. As Captain McClintock 
received the colors, a chorus of female voices from the 
Territorial Normal School sang ''Cod be with you till 
we meet again." The regimental mascot was given to 
the regiment by Ilobert Brow, a prominent and jovial 
gentleman of Prescott, and if the band jtlayed at all 
during the ceremony, the tune was probably either 
" AVe won't go home till morning," or " The Streets of 
Cairo." Thus extremes met. 

The flag was a beautiful silk standard, sewed together 
by devoted women who did not mind sitting uj) all night 
in order to get it ready in time, and it is said that there 
was much difficulty in finding the material of which to 
make it. Tlie same rumor tells of a blu.' >ilk ball gown, 
which may or may not have been used as the field for the 
flag's white stars. Tt was understood and hoped that 
President McKinlev would, when the regiment was in 
"Washington, formally present the colors to it in b(dialt 
of the ladies of Pluenix. but for some reasou this plan 
fell through. 

The regimental mascot was a mountain lion cul), who 
had been nanie(l Florence by Mr. Pobei-t Hrow's ]iatron, 
who brought her in to him, and ])ossibly turned hcv over 
to him in payment for a stack of blue chips. Slie was 
an extremely handsome animal, with soft, deep, tawny 

23 




THE STOllY OF TUE ROUGH KIDERS. 

fur, ami eyes which were deceptively mild in their ap- 
pearance. Xothing- could jjossibly be more satisfactory 
and comforting' than the gentle purr of this pleasant cat, 
and nothing could certainly have been 
^har])cr or more lacerating than the points 
of the chiws which, foi- a certain portion 
ot tlie time, she ke|)t amiably coiiccah'd in 
the \('l\-et pads of her muscnlar paws. 
1' lorciicc was fond of soldiers, and never 
altackcd lliciii. She bated civilians, and 
the man who did not wear a unifoi'm was 
I'casoiiably cci'tain to carry Iier signatnre 
away with bim if he went near enongh for 
b( r to rea(di him. This is b'terally trne. 

The Ihig was the first to be raised by the 
army (bii'ing the \vi\\\ and the (hiy we 
landed floated ])rou(lly on the snmmit of Mount Losil- 
tires. Tt was gallantly borne thnmgh every engagement 
in Cuba, and has now been returned to the AVomen's 
Relief ('or])s of Plufiiix, who point with pardonable 
pride to the many 1»nlh't holes wdiich are in it. 

The mountain lion was very wdsely left at Tampa 
Avhen the regiment sailed. Some of the troopers advo- 
cated her transportation to Cuba on the theory that the 
colonel coidd sick her on the Spaniards just before^ each 
battle, with disastrous results to the enemy, but still, she 
was left at Tampa. She has now gone back to Arizona. 
Probably Mr. Robert Brow has her again. She did hei- 
duty nobly, and deserves a pension. 

One more word about Arizona, which does not entirely 
concern the Rough Riders. This Territory, both on the 

24 



TIIK lUII.DINd OK TIIK UK(;iMKNT. 

tirst and second calls for tni()[)s, had her full ([uota organ- 
ized, armed, and equipped before any other State or Ter- 
ritory in the Union. 

At AVhipple ]^aiTacks, when the two hundred selected 
men marched away to take tl)" train for San Antonio, 
they left behind them tifteen hundred to two thonsand 
sorrowing' ones, who would have gone with them at the 
drop of the hat, and who mourned because the hat 
fell not. 

It was ou the od of May that the Arizona nuMi started 
for San Antonio. 

It was on the 8th of .May that the very last men of all 
— those of K Troop — left Washington for San Antonio. 
These were the " dnde warriors," the " dandy troopers," 
the "gilded gang." When their train pnlled into San 
Antonio, and they start(Ml stragglingly to march to cam]), 
they encountered a contingent of three hundred and 
forty cowboys from Xew^ ]\rexico. Oil and water are not 
farther removed than were the everyday natures of these 
two groups of men. Yet, instantly they fraternized, 
and from that moment — through the hardships of it all, 
through the blood and death and fever of it all — these 
men w(n'e brothers. 

Concerning the voyage of the Washington swells. T 
will quote an item from a newspaper. It indicates sonu' 
interesting things about the reijiment: 

"A well-known Xew ^'o^k clubinan had eidisted. 
When departing for San Antonio he engaged a 
sleeper, and was shown to his place by the p(»rter. 
Just as he deposited his ])aggage, Sergeant Thad- 
deus Higgins, an old eavalrynuin of the regular ser- 

25 



TJtlE STORY OF THE KOUGII ItlDKHS. 



.-U'.- 



vice, Avlio had rharjic of the partv, ta}>})t'(l him on the 
shoulder. 

" ' Take these tliiiiiis hack thei-e, ' he said, jerking his 
thiiiiil) ill ihe direction of the ordiiiarN' i^hiy coaches pro- 
A'iihd l)_v the ( loverniiieiit for tiic Iroojx'rs. 

" The chiluiiaii hioked suri»risc(L It was his first ex- 
|tcricii('c ill iiiilitarv discipline. 

" ' ihat's where voii h(doiii;/ ad(h'(l Sergeant lliggins, 

wit h tlie t huiiili st ill pointed 
to the r<'ar. 

" 'I'he (dul)iiian was made 
of good stuflF. lie sahited, 
picked up his things, and 
went hack to tlie day coaches, 
lie did not sleep at full 
h'Ugth until the train ar- 
rived at San Antonio." 

l)(>tinitely, the Arizona 
contingent started for San 
Antonio ^lav J5d; the troo]) 
from Outhrie, Oklahoma, 
started May 4th, and the four 
troo})s from Xew ^Mexico started May Gth. 

.And it may he as well uow to go hack to some of the 
experiences which Colonel Roosevelt, then Assistant 
Secretary of the ISTavy, was having in "Washington. 

From the very start, as I have said, C^olonel Roosevelt 
was considered the head of the regiment. The fact that 
he had declined to accept the colonelcy on the ground 
that he did not have enough experience, and that the 
post of commanding officer had been given to Captain 

36 




TIIK lUILDINd OF 'I'llK HKCIMENT. 

Lc(Mi:ir<l \V«M.(1 ..f the Mc'diciil Stall', had no effect on 
the hclicf of the i)coi)l(', that lioosevelt was tlic colonel; 
that Roosevelt was the oruaiii/.er; and that Ivoosevelt 
woidd caiTV the reiiinieiit throui;li to victory, althoiigli 
tins helief was not wholly aeeiirate. All kinds of aitpli- 
eations foi' places in the j'e<;inient were made to him. 
For instance, on April I'Tth, liepresentative (Altchings, 
of ^Iississi])])i, called iiixm him to offer the services of a 
company from \'icksl>nr,u', niuh'r the guidance of Jack 
Conley, known to be one of the most daring characters 
ill that State. Ifoosevelt had to decline. At that very 
iiioiiieiil U'tters and telegrams lay on his (l(>sk, which tol 1 
of over fifteen thousand men who wanted to join the 
regiment. Prohaldy no military organization has ever 
been made up of men selected from so large a number 
of applicants, or of men so carefully select e(l. T could 
till a chapter easily by telling of the men who wante<l to 
be lu.ugli Ividers, but couldn't. The liocky Ab.uutain 
shar])shooters, alone, comprised more than two hundred 
men, and among them wei'c many who had seen service 
during some of the regular army's most desperate Indian 
camiiaigns, and men who are known as l)eing among the 
best hunters of big game in all the West. .\ large dele- 
[2,ation of men from Harvard College called ujxm Ivoose- 
velt one day in Washington and offered their services in 
a body. Indetd, delegations (d* that kind from most of 
the Eastern colleges went to him, but went to him in 
vain. His secretary answered more than five thousand 
individual ai)plications for places in the n^giment, and 
answered ninety-nine per cent, of them with deidinations. 
Finally, Eoosevelt decided, after a consultation with 

27 



THE STORY OF THE ROUGH RIDERS. 

the Secretary of AVar and General Miles, the command- 
ing general of the army, to organize a troop in AVash- 
ington. 

It may not be amiss to speak rapidly of the personal- 
ities of some of the men whom he accepted for this troop. 
There were among them some of the best football ])layers 
in the conntry; a noted steeplechaser; a crack polo 
playei"; famous clubmen; honor jiieii in almost all the 
Eastern colleges; and many famous aiiiateui- athletes. 
Two others — J. C. Clagett, of Frederick, ^larvland, 
and L. JM. IMontgomery, of Bradley, Maryland — rich 
farmers, were so anxions to join that they offered to 
pay their own trans])ortation and furnish their own 
horses and e(piipnients. An idea of K Troop is given 
below. 

Woodbury Kane was a polo player of note, and a hard 
rider on the hnnting field. He came of a fighting 
family; ])layed football at Harvard. 

Craig AVadsworth was one of the " fighting Genesee 
AVadsworths," whose name had always been among the 
foremost in the annals of the conntry in war. He had 
led the Genesee Valley hunts for some years, and at other 
times had led many a german in ]^ew York ballrooms. 

AVilliam Tiffany was a nejdiew of the late Mrs. August 
Belmont, and grandnephew of Commodore Perry. He 
spent several years on the plains of ]\Iontana. 

Reginald or " Reggie " Ronalds was the son of Mrs. 
Pierre Lorillard Ronalds, who is the best known Ameri- 
can in London, is a great friend of the Prince and 
Princess of "Wales, and has a voice that has held Europe 
and America under its spell for two generations. 

28 



TIIK i'.riM)IX(l OF TIIK KKfaMKN'T. 

Ronalds once ])lavr(l lacklc on ;i t'aiiious ^ ale i'ootliall 
Icani. 

Dudley S. Dean, (•ai)tain of the Harvard I'uutball team 
oi' '!•!, was In cdiargc of the business of the Mexican 
Central R. \l. at Las Vegas, Mexico, n]> to the time when 
he resigned and came l^orth to enlist. 

Guv ]\lurchie was the well-known Harvard coach. 

Waller was the champion high-jnmijer of Yale. 

Stephens was a great polo player from Colorado. 

Henry W. Bull, of California, was one of the leading 
members of the Harvard crew. 

Ilollister was Harvard's champion half-mile runner. 

Horace Devereaux, from Colorado S])rings, was the 
leader in one of Princeton's most famous football 
teams. 

Basil Ricketts was the son of the late General Rick- 
etts, and was born just across the street from the place at 
which he entered service that day. 

Sterne Avas a well-known polo ]ilayer. 

Percival (Jassett, of T^oston, was a grandson of Com- 
modore " ]\Iad Jack " Percival, who commanded the 
frigat(> " Constitution." (Jassett liad served for three 
years in Troop A in P)Oston. and in Light Lattery A. 
He bore a medal for marksmanship. 

There were three N^ew York policemen in the troop, 
Henry Haywood, Edwin Eberuian, and William Breen. 
El)erman also served in the Sixth Cavali'v at Pine Pidge, 
and wears a medal for gallant conduct there. Two other 
ex-cavalrymen were in the tro(->]-), Eirst Sergeant Higgins, 
of Xew York, aiul Private Pi'ice. Tt is interesting to 
note that the ]>oIiceiiien wlio juinccl the I'cgiiiient were 

29 



THK STuJiV OK THE Rorcil IMDEUri. 

i;ivon indotiiiitc Icavc^ of jiUsonce M'itli full pay by the; 
city. J'oor Haywood was killed -hily 1st. 

I devote ('oiisideral)I(' space to these men, not because 
their work was any better than that of the men of wlioni 
I do not sjx'ak l)y name, but in order to illnstrate the 
extraordinary materials of which the regiment was made. 
That sncli cliaps slionld liave joined at all was, ])erliaps, 
iiioi'e to their credit than it ^vas to the credit of the 
Westei'uers who joined, foi' they had more to lose in 
i;'oin^-, and tlie liardships of a soldier's life meant more 
to them than they did to the men who had known hard- 
shii)s all their lix'es. Hiere were those among this dude 
contingent, however, who had done service on the ])lains, 
and who could ride as w(dl, or throw a rope as well, or 
"shoot as well, or do any of the things which are asso- 
ciated with life on the frontier, as well as the men who 
were ])ro])erly known as cowboys. 

It was on the (ith of May that Theodore Iloosevelt 
was sworn in as lieutenant-colonel of volunteers. The 
ceremony took ])la('e in. the othce which lie had occupied 
as Assistant Secretary of the jSTavy, and there were a 
good many prominent men there to see the famous 
civilian fighter change to a military fighter. There were 
senators and representatives there and many army offi- 
cers. General Corbin administered the oath. 

That same day most of the niend)ers of Troop K were 
mustered in. They were in the Army Dispensary 
building in Washington wdien Roosevelt made liis first 
speech to them. It was the first speech he had made 
as an army officer, and he evidently enjoyed the situa- 
tion. During the Santiago campaign he made almost 

30 



i 



^ 



1 



I'llK HLll,l)iNG UF 'J-llE REGIMENT. 

as niaiiv speeches to his sohlicrs as he did to the voters 
of Xew York State duriug his political campaign, and 
the soldiers always enjoyed them. He said to the men 
w lio li;i(l uatlicred there: 

"Gentlemen: ^'oii have now reached the last point. 
If any one of yon doesn't mean business, let him say so 
now. An lionr from now it will be too late to back out. 
( )iu'e ill, yoiTve got to see if tliroiigh. You've g'ot to 
perform without flinching whatever duty is assigned to 
you, regardless of the difficulty or danger attending it. 
You must know how to ride, you must know how to 
shoot, you must know liow to live in the o])en. Absolute 
obedieiiee to every eommand is your first lesson. Xo 
matter what comes you mustn't sipieaL ihink it over 
— all of you. Tf any man wants to withdraw, he will 
be gladly excused, for there are thousands who are 
anxious to have places in this regiment." 

Of course no one withdrew. The comic paragrajjliers 
had a deal of fun over the enlistment of these men — 
these petted ones of fortune who were going to war — but 
the comic paragraphers stop])ed saying funny things 
when the ])etted ones of fortune, hiter, stood up like the 
real men they were and took, without whimpering, tlu^r 
doses of steel medicine on the batth^tields of ( "uba. 

riiey gave their lieutenant-colonel a rousing cheer, 
and three times three times more rousing cheers. After- 
wards they cheered him in the staid and quiet precincts 
of the Xavy Department until all the (derks, wdio had 
never heard sucli a disturbance within its sacred walls 
before, swarmed into the hallways and wished that they 
were going to war too. 

3 3:] 



THE STOKV OF THE KOUGH RIDERS. 

Ill tlic iiioantiiiic, Colonel Wood was busy at San 
Antonio. The men began to pour in there from the 
Territories in which thej had been enlisted. By May 
lOtli the regiment was all there, and was being licked 
into shape with a rapidity that was probably never 
equalled before. 



34 



CHAPTER II. 

THE REGIMENT 
AT SAN ANTONIO. 

'i'hc lil'c of rlic rcuiiiiciit at San Antonio was almost 
as interestini;' as the life of the rejjimoiit, nftorwnrds, in 
('iili:i. Prohiiltlv there never was handed too-(>ther sneh 
;iii iiic()iii;rii(His mass of men as this one which gathered 
ill the Texan eity for the ])urposc of being put into shape 
as a eavahy regiment. 

The men were at first put into the old Exposition 
building, because there were no tents for them. All the 
officers expected clashes between the Eastern contingent 
and the Western men; but the clashes did. not come. 
The men mixed fraternally, and officers ceased to be 
surprised when they found that an Arizona bronco 
buster had chosen as his bunkie some Eastern college 
man. 

Colonel Roosevelt (piickly won the love and confi- 
dence of the men who were under him, by refusing to 
accept for himself any conveniences which he could not 
offer to his men. lie slept as they slei)t, and ate what 
they ate. Another thing which pleased them was the 
early announcement that it had been arranged in 
Washington, through his personal efforts, to arm the 
regiment with Krag-Jorgenson carbines. The Ivough 
Riders thus became the only volunteer regiment of the 
army properly equipped \vith modern guns. 

35 



THE STORY OF THE ROUGH RIDERS, 



After tlic tents eame, the men left the Exposition 
building and made a regular military camp on the Ex- 
position grounds. A very large majority of them had 
never seen a shelter-tent before, mid knew much less 
about lu)\v t(i make a luilitary eaui}) than sonic ot" thcni 
knew about diiierential calculus, and others about stop- 
ping stampeding cattle. Many of the officei-s rpiartered 
themselves in the bnildings thereabouts, hnt lloosevclt 

slept in liis shcltcr-tcnt 
with his ])onclio and his 
l)lanket. The regiment, by 
the way, had no regimental 
or otficers' tents assigned 
to it until it arrived at 
^lontauk, after the war 
was over. 

I'here were men ad- 
mitted to the regiment 
after the mobilization at 
San Antonio, and there 
were men who left it after 
that. Some of these were finally rejected on their 
physical examination, and some were dropped or dropped 
themselves for other reasons. 

One of the latter class was a German, who must cer- 
tainly have been accepted by mistake. AVhile the 
Hough Riders were not all educated men, they were 
mostly chaps with breech-loading, rapid-fire-high-speed- 
projectile minds. The German's head lacked these 
characteristics. He was undeniably stupid. He suf- 
fered. He went. 




36 



THE RKGTMENT AT SAN ANTONIO. 

It came alxiiit in this way. '\\w men in liis troop 
li:i(] (l(H'i(l(Ml that they did not care to acH'oinpany him to 
(nha, \>\\\ rlicy took liini aside, and with many words 
cxphiincd to liini their hio-h reo'ard. They told him that 
he was a man wh(»se i-epntation for bravery had gone 
before him, and that as the Spaniards liad crossed the 
]\lexiean borih-r into Texas, and were momentarily ex- 
pected to attack tliat cam[) at San Antonio, he had been 
seh'cted as the one man of all men to protect it from 
their devilish wiles. Xiaht was a])proachinsi', and the 
last snow of the tardy sprinu' was fallinii,'. They gave him 
liiree candles and they posted him in a remote place by a 
tree. 

'* If one regiment of S]~)aniards attacks yon," said they, 
" light one candle; if the attatdv is made hy fwo regi- 
ments, then light two; if three regiments come npon yon 
in the night, light all of them, and may (I^d ha\c merc-y 
on yonr sonl. We are s^irry that we cannot give yon a 
gun." 

The derman acceyited the res])onsil)ility, and his 
leave-taking was im]iressive. Solemnly the men of his 
ti'oop iijed np, and sadly and atVectionately tluy shook 
hi- hand. They assnred him that it was a great thing 
to be the first man in the war to die for liis eonntry, and 
he wept in dialect as he thanked them for the chance. 

Strict military regnlations had not lieen ])ut in force 
at San Antonio, else it w^nld have been impossible for 
the twenty men to leave the camp who stole away at 
midnight toward that watelifnl (German. Bnt they left 
it, and when they came npon tlie German, his regret was 
that he had not more than three candles, for he was 

37 



THE STORY OP" THE ROUGH RIDERS. 

convinced that the entire Spanish army of not three, 
but three thousand regiments had begun a night attack. 
Also he became impressed with the idea that there are 
other things nicer than dying for one's country. 

His disappearance might have been recorded as de- 
sertion. But it was not. 

Another episode — B Troop had no cook. That is, its 
cook liad expressed his opinion of his assignment to that 
duty by remarking: 

" What the hell do I know about cooking? All I do 
is to throw the stuif together, boil it and then yell 
' dinner! ' " 

This, unfortunately, was too true, and great was the 
grief of Captain McClintock and Lieutenant Alexander 
thereat. Desperate, they dined at a restaurant. That 
meal was a taste of Paradise. jMcClintock said: 

'' I'm going to get that cook! " 

He (lisa]ij)eared into the kitchen, and great was the 
woe and loud the ])rotests of the proprietor of the res- 
taurant while McClintock was explaining to the cook the 
beauties of service in the uniform of Uncle Sam. ISTo 
recruiting officer in the service of the Queen ever worked 
harder to earn his fee than McClintock did to get that 
cook. His eloquence won the day, and the cook enlisted. 
Then did B Troop begin to feast like lords. But sud- 
denly the cook was missing. ITo search availed the 
grief-struck officers. Days passed. Frank W. Schenck 
had gone. 

When he reappeared, McClintock's joy at his return 
was too acute to permit much scolding. He, however, 
demanded an explanation of his five days' absence, and 

88 



THE REC-IMENT AT SAX ANTONIO. 

Frank W. SclK'Uck i'c|ili('(l wirli lioncvcd swcotiicss, thai 
he had gone to San Antunio (ti niik' away) and started 
to return on time but had missed his car. 

At Montauk, the same cook obtained a fui'lungh, and 
went away. AVhen he returne(K he brought a Mrs. 
Frank AV. Schenck with him. He ha<l gone all the way 
to San Antonio to be married, and that first ptiz/cling ab- 
sence was at hist nia<k> clear. F'or courtship must pre- 
cede marriage. 

The Easterners were scarcely less at home on the 
AVestern broncos, than the AVesterners were on the Mc- 
Clelhin saddles. Tliey missed the great .Mexican pum- 
mels which had l)een theirs since childhood. an<l one 
of them announced that riding a jMcChdlan was like 
clinging to a chip at sea. One night the men had to 
handle tlnrty half-broken terrors, '^riiey I'ejected theii" 
saddles altogether, ami worked tlu^ animals with rojx'S 
alone. 

l^othing could have been mor(> inspiring to the on- 
looker or more interesting to the ]>articiiiani than the 
first reginu'utal evolutions on these wild Western 
ponies. There would l)e five or six lioiscs in e\-erv 
troop whose refusal to stay in line was fii-m and i)er- 
manent. It was frequently necessary to stop the entire 
mana-uvre while some cowboy paused to throw his un- 
willing little brute. Bridles were scarce at first, and 
some of the men got on with the sim])le hitch id" a lariat 
around their animal's lower jaw. I'oi- a horse to bolt 
was common, for one or two to rcai' so enthusiastically 
that they eventually fell ba<-kwai'd, excitcil no conunent. 
Xothing less than the stampede of an entire troojt amid 

3!) 



THE STORY OF THE ROUGH RIDERS. 

the howling of tlie men was considered really excit- 
ing. 

The second mounted regimental drill occurred May 
24th, and with it came one of these stampedes. Dozens 
of the troopers were thrown, mid am(»ng the victims 
were as many Western cowboys as members of the gilded 
Eastern gang. They had attempted to charge, with 
Roosevelt in the lead. That some of the men were not 
killed ill the ciisiiiiig luix-ii}) was wonderful. llallett 
Allsop JJorrowe was tlirown beneath two strapping cow- 
boys and had his new nniform blonse literally torn off 
his back. The ( iox-enimeiit ])i'(i\'ides not for such con- 
tingencies, and iJorrowe lind to buy his own new blonse. 
Afterwards the charge was tried again with some success. 

The next day Joseph Jenkins bee, (»f IJaltimore, and 
Roscoe Clianning, who was Vale's great h:ilf-b:iek in 'IHi, 
were assigned their mustangs. They took what they 
themselves called a trial canter. That there were moi'o 
trials than cantering about it was shown by theii- con- 
dition when they retui'ued. rnasmuch as they took 
solemn oath that they had not been thro^\m, the regi- 
ment concluded that they must have paused by the way- 
side to mix mud pies. 

The tii-st man sent to hos]:)ital was Private Greenway. 
He tried to stop his mustang with his kneecap. 

Just before the regiment departed for the concentra- 
tion camp at Tampa, the gathering and shipping of the 
live stock afforded nuieli pleasure and instruction to the 
men. That any of the men who entered the corrals 
lived to go afterwards to Cuba was not the fault of the; 
merry mustangs who plunged therein. " Judge " 

40 



THE HECIMKX'l' AT SAN ANTUNIO. 

.Mui'phv was the sergeant of the giuml. His heart had 
been hroken hv the work of getting the horses out. lie 
had been at it for twenty hours, and war seemed cruel to 
him. That was when he learned to love Captain Cap- 
ron. lie was l)etween two ])hiiigiiig hnites in the mid- 
(Mc (.f thi' corral, linding it diftieult to keep awake, even 
in such distressing cireumstances. Captain Capron, long 
and l)ig, elind)ed over the snrrounding fence and said: 

" Go \\\) and go to sleep on one of those boxes. I'll 
do your work for you. I don't want to kill my men — 
yet." 

Afterwards at Lns Cuasimas, they were glad to die for 
him and he was glad to die with them. 

ihe second wounded man was ^larshall Bird, whose 
siibs('(|uent wonderful escape at (luasimas is mentioned 
in the story of that battle. Bird was thrown while he 
was a nHMubci- of a detail going after horses, and it was 
thoiiglit f(ir a lime tliat his skull was badly fractured, 
but he tui'ued uj) tor duty and went on witli the ((thers. 

It nuiy be well now to devote a few brief words to the 
startling ex]terieuces (.f the Eastern men who went west. 
When tluy arrived in San Antonio, May KUh, they 
gathered by ])re-an-augement at the best hotel in the 
citv. Thfy' nuide elaborate toilets and they ordered as 
fine a breakfast as San Antonio provided. 

"■ It's all off after this," they said to themselves, and 
they enjoyed that breakfast with great joy. There 
were in this little ])arty, (i. Bonald Fortescue, Henry W. 
Shar]). .1. W. Taih.r. Henry W. IJull, Kenneth Tv<d)in^'on, 
William Tudor, Jr., K. 11. M. Ferguson, AVilliam Qnaid, 
dr., II. 1\. Devereanx, \\. C Waller, dr., George Kemj), 
• 41 



THE STOKY OF THE ROUGH RIDERS. 



Maxwell Xornian, J. A. Massie, Woodbury Kane, 
William Tiffanv, " Ilam " Fish, Craig Wadswortli, and 
Iveginald Ronalds. After the breakfast was over, it 
was, as they had said, " all oif." 
They donned their flannel shirts, 
their dnek trousers, and their 
blouses, j)ut on their campaign 
hats and went to work. 

They were assigned sleeping 
(piarters in a somewhat remote 
])art of the Kxjjositiou building, 
e\i(leutly on the theory that they 
^^ Mv^""^ and the Westerners might disagree, 
'^' ' but this was wrong. For instance, 

Woodl)ury ICane met Henry Rem- 
miiig and foi'med a friendship that 
day which histcd all through ('uba. 
lie was set to work digging a 
trench in front of the officers' quar- 
ters, ;ind finished his job with cheer- 
fnhu^ss, (les])ite his blistered hands 
,.,• and stiffened back. Craig Wads- 

. ■%, :.. Worth was ordered to devote two 

■ M^ t* hours to chopping wood. Goodrich 

m '■' X/^ --^ and Kane afterwards took lessons in 

handling lassoes, and got badly 
tangled up. A couple of days later, 
a rift in the lute appeared when 
Tiffany complained that he had no 
clean sliirt. He finally got a pass, 
so that he could hunt liis washer- 
42 




^ 
./%■ 




THE REGIMENT AT SAN ANTONIO. 





u 




woman up, and was uiiiiicrcil'iiUy guyed. Poor Tiffany 
— he is dviu\ now. Tlio only charge of favoritism ever 
made among the iiough Riders came less than a week 
after Eoosevelt landed in San An- 
tonio. Woodbury Kane was given 
charge of the rapid-fire guns, and 
Hamilton Fish, Craig Wadswortli, 
and Maxwell Norman were made 
non-commissioned officers in Troop 
K. The Westerners tliouglit for a 
wliih' that too many promotions 
were heing given to the Eastern 
men, hut this unphnisantness soon 
l>h'W t)ver. 

i\ruch excitement was created at 
one time l)y the announcement 
that 15oi'i'owe was kee})ing his vah't 
at a liotel, and that he daily made a 
pilgrinuige to the place to shave and 
take a hatli. The valet was sent 
Kasr. The same day a Xew ^lexi- 
can cowhoy refused point l)lank to 
ohey an order given by Sergeant 
'i'ilfauy. He sai<l, " Wait till you 
get to V)e a brigaditu'-general before 
you give out orders in such a high 
and mighty fashion." and Tiffany 
made threats about the guardhouse. 
It was all forgotten in a day or two. 

This same day two mciiilMTs oi 
the Xew York Stock Kxcdiaugc 

43 



% 





THE STUKY OF THE KUUt! 11 KIDERS. 

joined tlio regiincnt. 'riioy were .1. Lorimcr Wordcii 
and C. E. Knoblauch. AVorden is an athlete, and Kiioh- 
laneh a giant who boxes, wrestles, swims, and rides 
expert Iv. 

A few days later, Woodbnrv Ivane had trouble. Ho 
sawed u]) an ammunition box to make a desk, and tlie 
ordnance otticer called him [)icturesqnely down, ivanc 
was extremely sorry. 

Perlia])s the most impressive day in San Antonio was 
Sunday, .May i^iM. The whole reginient, fully uni- 
toi-nied, was ari'aycd in s(puidron formation before 
Coloiiel Wood's tent early in tlie niorninu'. The object 
was the reading of the articles of war, and the cere- 
mony lasted nearly an honr and a half. Tlie stately pas- 
sages Avere pronounced in solciiiii sentences by thecaptaius 
ot the ti'(»ops, and the men were much impressed, .\fter 
bi-eakfast, rcdigious services were held in the great Fail- 
building, and twenty Western terroi-s nielodiouslv acted 
as tlie choir. 'I'lie only insti-umental music was fur 
iiished by a silver bugle at the expert lips ot' Trnmpelei' 
( 'assi. Loud a-- he blew, the sound of his coi-net was 
Inst in the tine harmonies of the cowboy choir, when 
they started in with '' How tirm a foundation,'' and 
when the rest of the regiment joined in the chorus, the 
sturdy singing was plainly heard in San Antonio, a mile 
away. From the Arizomi ])lains came the soloist. He 
was A. R. Perry, and famous in the regiment as the 
Ijcst bronco buster of them all. but his untrained voice 
was clear and high and melodious, and when he sang 
" Onward, Christian Soldiers," many of his comrades 
cried. 

44 



'J'UK KKiilMMNT AT SAN ANTONIO. 

Sim Aiildiiio was liol, (lusty, aiul (lisaiiTccaMc. 'I'lic 
men, Kastcnicr.s and WcstcTiKTs alike, foiiiul (•aiii[» life 
hard, hcvoiid their dreams. Tlie otHeers of the reuiiiieiit 
worked 1 heiiisclves and their (•(•iiimaiids in_i;ht and (hiy, 
in onh'i- to make soMiers diit (d' them, and no regiment 
was ever put int(» tiiihtinu- shape so ([uii'kly. iS'o (h'tail 
was neiileetcd which couhl cpiiekly phice the men on a 
par witii the rcii'uhir trooi)s, with whom they wouhl he 
hronghl into competition when the tir>t expedition to 
Cnha started, ancl the men took it all cdieerfuUy, and did 
their work with gladness. 'Idas was beeanse among 
them there was hnt one thought — the desire; to go on 
that e.\])edition. 

Ottieered as they Avere, with the President's own 
medical adviser in command, and the ex- Assistant Sec- 
retary of the Xavy as their lieutenant-colonel, they knew 
that they would be considered kindly when the opportu- 
nity came, and they were anxious to see to it that that 
consideration found no tlaws in them. 

AVheii Colonel Wood announced to the men that 
martdiing orders had at last arrived, the news was re- 
ceived with cheers which lasted for many minutes. In- 
deed, nothing exce])t the sound ol" ta]>s eoiinng from 
tlie bugles with the night, could still the exuberant 
spirits which infected the regiment. Xo wilder hurrah 
was heard in Cuba when we learned o\ir victories than 
tliat which went u]) in San Antonio wdien marching 
orders were receivcMl. Lieutenant-('(donel lioosevcdt 
read the message, and then he and Colone^ AVood em- 
braced like schoolboys. 



47 



CHAPTER III. 

AT TAMPA, AND 
THE TRIP TO CUBA. 



It was on May '2inh tliat tln' Roiii^li Riders went away 
from Sail ^Viitonio with higli hopes in their hearts that 
they wonkl not jianse Jonii- a_nain nntil they pansed in 

Cnba. Indeed they had bet- 
ten- luck than any other regi- 
ment in the ai'my, for be- 
tween the endjarkation at 
San Antonio and the moment 
when they actually faced the 
Spanish bnllets, less than 
thirty days intervened. 

Every captain had orders 
to send his troops to bed 
early that Satnrday night, 
for Wood and Roosevelt al- 
ready had inklings of the 
imperfect transportation which the Government conld 
fnrnish to the regiment. They knew the trij) before 
them wonld be long and wearisome, and they wanted 
their men to be well prepared for it. 

The work of l)reaking camp took all of Satnrday. 
Colonel Wood ordered all snperflnons baggage left be- 
hind, telling the men that they conld take with them 
only such necessaries as they conld find room for in their 

48 




AT TAMPA, AND J'llE TRW 'JO CI BA. 

blanket rolls, lliuidrccls of boxes were sent by express 
that day to Western ranches and Eastern mansions. 
Kane, Tiffany, and K(»nalds sheepishly admitted that 
their rejections inchuled the swallowed-tailed coats and 
low-cnt vests of full dress suits. Just why these gentle- 
men took dress suits to war with them I do not know. 

The last packing was done after supper. Ulien most 
of the cooking utensils were stowed away, leaving the 
men only their lilanket rolls to pack, and their shelter- 
tents to " strike " (or take down), before they started on 
their journey. 

At three o'clock the sweet notes of reveille rang out, 
and Cam]) Wood woke up. The dawn was cool and 
lovely, and the men were as full of energy as they after- 
wards proved themselves to be full of fight. Breakfast 
\vas a hasty meal, prepared under great ditticulties, be- 
cause so many of the cooking utensils had been jiacked 
uj). Drilled as tlicy had l)ccn in the ])rei)aration of the 
blanket rolls, there wove those among the men who 
packed theirs so badly that many of their little treas- 
ures were shaken out before they reached the railway. 
They were shaken out to stay, for when the ride (mce 
started, (^olonel AVood p(M-mitted no stoppage. 

The cars into wliicli IIm' men were huddled were iu- 
finitely less comfortai)le than the cars making up the 
trains (111 which most (d' the regular trooi)S went South. 
I travelled from Chickaniauga to Tampa with the Xinth 
Cavalry, and the negro troopers Avere furnished with 
emigrant sleeping cars. The men of the liough liiders 
had no such luxury. They slept in their seats, if they 
slept at all. 

4 1!» 



THE STORY OF THE ROUGH RIDERS. 

The experiences which the men had had with their 
Western horses at drill and regimental manoeuvres, were 
as nothing to the time they had in loading them on the 
stock cars for final shipment. It is well here to call 
atention to the fact that these horses were practically 
neglected during the live days' trip which followed. 
This was no fault of the regiment, but can oidy be laid 
at the door of the railway companies. 

Iloosev(^lt left on the last section. Wood remained 
to see that everything got oft" all right, and followed on 
a regular passenger train. It was fully half-past ten 
at night before that third section pulled out, and when 
it went, the sleeping car berth which had been reserved 
for Lieutenant-Colonel Roosevelt was occupied by a 
private soldier. Roosevelt found him suffering from 
an illness, and had him taken in and put to bed. From 
then on, until the regiment reached Tampa, Roosevelt 
took pot-luck with his men in the dingy day coaches 
which Uncle Sam had furnished to them. 

There was a good deal of trouble in getting food for 
the men during that long day's wait in the San Antonio 
raihvay yard. Their dinner finally consisted of a thin 
slice of canned beef between two hardtacks. This was 
the first day the regiment went hungry. Many others 
followed after they reached Cuba. 

The first man to be taken sick on the trip was Private 
Nicholson, of Troop K. His home w^as Baltimore, and 
he had the measles. It is believed that he may have 
carried this disease into the regiment, for many men 
afterwards came down with it. 

All along the line the men were received with the 

50 



AT TAMFA, A:ND THE TRIP TO CUBA. 

iitmoRt cntlnisiasiii l)y great crowds waiting at the sta- 
tions. Even as early as four ox- lock in the morning, in 
some instances, pretty girls were dressed in white, and 
wailing to give them posies as they passed. The most 
enthnsiastic reception of all occurred at JSYnv Orleans, 
where tremendous crowds were at the Southern Pacific 
and Lonisville and Nashville stations to hid them (lod- 
speed as they passed throngh. 'JMiere Avcre unaccount- 
able delays, and for hours the men, who were kept 
closely in the cars by guards stationed at all entrances, 
sweltered and sweated in the heat of a A'ew Orleans day. 
They bore the hardship of this kind of travelling with a 
certain rough philosophy, but the remarks they nuide 
about the railway companies are not printable in this 
volume. They were dirty, hot, and hungry, and while 
it cannot be said that language ever suffers from dirt or 
hunger, that used by the Rough Riders on this occasion 
was certainly hot. 

It was (nirly in tlu^ cool dawn tliat the regiment 
reached Tampa. It was dumped without consideration 
by the railway com])any at Ybor Oity, although it could 
easily have been taken half a dozen miles nearer to its 
camping ])lace. The baggage cars were run off into 
some remote district, thoroughly out of sight, and the 
regiment's mess kits were hidden in them. They had 
been assigned three days' rations. Their journey had 
taken five days, and they were hungry. Probably a 
trooper's remark on this occasion, "that war is hell," 
was spoken with more feeling than marked the expres- 
sion of any sentiment afterwards during the entire cam- 
paign. Roosevelt and AVoo(l wei-e both wildly indig- 



THE STOEY OF THE KOUGH RIDERS. 

nant over the way the regiment had been treated by the 
railways. Koosevelt made the acquaintance of at least 
a dozen officials of the road before the day was over, 
and those officials can be classed with the S[)aniards 
whom he met afterwards and who never wanted to renew 
their communication with Colonel Koosevelt. So 
crowded was the train that grain, hay, and other forage 
for the animals had to be packed in the aisles of the pas- 
senger coaches, and the tops of the freight cars carried 
tons of supplies of all kinds. 

The animals were unloaded in the stock pens, and 
plainly showed the effects of the starvation and neglect 
which they had suffered on the way. But like the men, 
they were glad enough to get there, no matter how. 

The ride from the point of disembarkation to the 
camping grounds was not less than eight miles long. It 
was made with some pretense of troop formation, but not 
much. The men rode through Tampa, with its filthy 
shanties and deserts of sand, to a point back of the 
Tampa Bay Hotel. Their destination had previously 
been used as the Sixth (Cavalry's drill ground. 

Not much effort was made to form an elaborate camp 
here, for the men were tired and it was the belief of 
everyone that they were only pausing for a day or two 
before they were to be sent to the transports and on to 
Cuba. They simply formed in lines— a row of tents 
and a row of horses at their picket lines. It was not a 
good camping ground. Rains were frequent, and the 
formation of the soil was such that the water would not 
soak in. Those who had the money were comforted by 
the proximity of the Tampa Bay Hotel, but those who 

52 



AT TAMI'A, AND THE TRIP TO CUHA. 

liad not, were less pleasantly sitnatecl than they had 
been in San Antonio. The arrangement of the tents 
elose to the picket lines brought a })lagne of flies about 
the men, and Tampa contributed its pleasant little share 
of tarantulas and centipedes. It is scarcely worth while 
to go into great detail about the stay of the men at 
Tampa. It was an unph'asant ])eri()d, })ut it was only pre- 
liminary to the embarkation. It was simply one of the 
necessary evils which led up to the glorious Cuban cam- 
paign, and the men have forgotten as much of it as they 
can forget. 

It is only fair here to make some slightly detailed 
mention of Troops C, M, I, and II. I'hese included 
the unfortunates Avhose memory of Tam])a is their iiicm- 
ory of the war. Probaldy no grief stands out as more 
acute and painful in the minds of the men wlio formed 
these troops than that whidi came to them wbeii they 
found that they were to be left bchiiKb Nearly cvei-y 
regiment of tlic army was forced to desert some of its 
men in this way, and the men who stayed Ixliind deserve 
quite as ample credit as the men whose ]>rivil('g(' it was 
to hui'ry to the front. Theirs were the long and ag- 
gravating days of inactive discomfort; of weary, weary 
waiting. ]\rajor Ilersey was left in command of those 
who stayed in I'auipa. After Majnr Ib-odit^ was 
wounded and promoted to the lieutenant-colonelcy, Cap- 
tain Jenkins was made the junior major, and through 
a special dispensation from deneral Coppinger, Ilersey 
became the ranking major, and joiued the regiment in 
the field. Afterwards, ^Fajor Dunn took command at 
Tam])a. The troops at Tampa suffered terribly from 

r)3 



THE STOEY OF THE ROUGH RIDERS. 

sickness. For instance, there were eighty-three men in 
C Troop. When the war was over, and they finally 
started ISTorth, only forty-five men were left who could 
travel, or who had not already been sent iSTorth. It has 
been shown that the men in Tampa really suffered more 
from sickness than the men who went to Cuba. The 
hospitals were so overcrowded that it was almost im- 
possible to find room for ailing Rough Riders there, 
and many sufferers from typhoid aiid typhus-malai'ia 
were, perforce, neglected. Scarcely a hospital train 
went Xortli which did not carry with it some of tliese 
unfortunate Rough Riders, and the lot of the men in 
Tampa was generally unhappy. They had eleven hun- 
dred horses and mules to look after. Reveille was 
hal)itiially sounded at 4.-^)0. Drill came on at .").:>( I and 
lasted until S.:30 or !», and after that the men i)erf()rmcd 
such dreary cam]) work as came in tlieir daily routine. 
Then they could only lie in their shelter-tents (»ut of 
the sun, and spend the horrid days in fighting m(>s(|nito('s, 
flies, and heat. 

Their only hope was that they might be ordered to the 
front. Tliree times the glad news came. They were 
instructed to prepare their goods and strike their tents. 
The last time they were even told that transportation 
was all ready for them, and that the ship which was to 
carry them on to Cuban battlefields lay anchored, ready, 
in Savannah harbor. But each time when they were 
prepared to start, their orders were countermanded, and 
the dreary, dreary hopeless days at Tampa began again. 
I should have said before that the camp of this waiting 
contingent was transferred from Tampa to Port Tampa, 

54 



AT 'I'AMl'A, A.N I) THE TRll' TO CUBA. 

after tlicir iuoi'(> fovtiuiate companions had sailed away, 
and that the sanitarv conditions were as good as any. 

An episode of the days at 'rani})a was the football 
game. There were a good many football players in the 
regiment, and some of them had college records not ex- 
celh^d. Vho game was progressing merrily, when Ham- 
ilton, the strong man. fi'om Indian Territory, who liad 
been to town as JMajor TIersey's orderly, came along. 
He conld not keep ont of the game and forgot that he 
still had his spurs on. He jnmped for Ricketts and Mc- 
Farrin, who had ])lay(Ml on the University of F^ennsyb 
vania team. There was scarcely a man in the sci'imniage 
that ensued who left it without wounds from Hamilton's 
spurs. 

The newspapers hare already told the story of how 
the troops were loaded on the transports; how the trans- 
])orts sailed out into rani]ta Bay, and how the spectre 
of a mythical S])anish tleet di'o\-e them inglorionsly back 
to their docks. 

I'inally they started. The troo])s on board the " Yu- 
catan '" were A and V>, from Arizona; 1), from Okla- 
homa; K, F, and (i, fi-oni Xew Mexico; K from the Fast, 
and 1j from hidian Territory. riiere was also a part 
of the Second Infantry on board, with its regimental 
band. 

There had been the wildest excitement and heart- 
burning among the men Avhen it was found that some 
troops were to be left l)ehind and some were to be chosen 
to go to ("nba. There was not a mail in the whole 
regiment who did not voice in his heart that cry which 
he shouted from his lips: 



THE STORY OF THE ROUGH RIDERS. 

"Rough, tough, we're the stuff, 
We want to tight, and we cau't get enough." 

But there were those of them who were to see no 
fighting and they took their disappointment then as 
bravelj as their comrades afterwards took their danger, 
although the danger was much more welcome than the 
disappointment. Knowledge of the troops which had 
been selected was spread throughout the regiment tlie 
night before, and there were those among the Kough 
Eiders who worked for transfer to the troops which were 
to sail under the favored letters. J\Iore demonstrative 
than the others, because thej were of the elect, were 
Woodbury Kane and Lieutenant Tiffany, who had been 
among the most ardent workers from the start. These 
two ipen had done more, perhajjs, than any others to 
persuade the AVesterners that because a man came from 
the East, and because he was college bred, he did not 
necessarily shirk his tasks nor fall off his horse. 

The day of cmljarkation Avas a great day. Sergeant 
Higgins expressed it well when he remarked: 

" Hell won't be worse crowded on the last day than 
this dock is ikjw." 

I have inserted a photograph of the embarkation in 
the book, and its wild mix-u]i only slightly pictures the 
insane confusion of the scene. On the transport, the 
quarters were anything but pleasant. Most of the 
bunks were in the vessel's hold — and she was a rattle- 
trap old hulk that had been used in the freight-carrying 
trade — and they were badly built of rough and unplaned 
lumber. The work of the contractors wlio liad ]^iit 
the berths u]). proved to be so inefficient tliat many 

56 



AT TAMPA, AND THE TRIP TO CLBA. 

of thorn foil down wlion the mon piled into thoin the first 
night. After that those particular Ifough Jiidors were 
without beds. At the best, the bunks were so close to- 
gether that the men could niOYO about between them 
oidy witli the very greatest difficulty, and wdien they 
crawk'd into them at night they found them so narrow 
that turning over ordinarily meant splinters in their 
skins. 

The transport's capacity was 750 men. At first 1,000 
men Avere on board. One hundred were afterwards re- 
moved to another ship. Early in the voyage a waggish 
trooper hung the sign, "Standing Eoom Only," ("vor 
the side of the ship. 

Another came along, and with the same marking i)ot 
added: '' And (huim little of ihat." 

In the meantime, oi course, such luxuries as artificial 
ventilation had been utterly neglected, and the room (.n 
dock was greatly circumscribed by the building of a 
rough board sui^orstructuro. A little space was left 
clear, fore and aft of this, and if the men wanted air they 
had to seek these s])acos, trust themselves to the some- 
what shaky roof of the sui)erstructuro, or cling to the 
swaying shrouds. 

It was on the first day out that the third man wounded 
mot his injury, 'riicnias II. Young, who was the son of 
a Kentucky colonel, an<l whose father had applied for 
enlistment at the same time the son had, had a good 
place to sleep, wIhm-o the fresh air came in through the 
cariiii hatch, lb- had been a student in a Xow York 
law scIkkiI and had shown himself to l»e an excellent 
s<. Idler. lie had es])ecially w..n the favov ..f McClin- 



THE STORY OF THE ROUGH mDEHS. 

took, who was the captain of his troop, and was slated 
for a non-commissioned officership, bnt that unlucky day 
a heavy cargo stanchion fell down on him and crushed 
his arm and head. 

Young was one of half a dozen men who Avere taken 
to the hospital ship " Olivette " from the " Yucatan," 
during the voyage to Cuba. I sailed down, as well as 
home, on the " Olivette," and, with other correspondents, 
crowded eagerly to the rail at first whenever we heard 
that Rough Eiders were to be brought aboard. After 
the first two or three had arrived, however, we held with 
equal firmness to the op])osite side of the hospital sliip, 
when such news came, for Young was the only Kough 
Kider who voyaged with us who did not suffer from 
some contagious or infectious disease. Tlu're were cases 
of measles, there ^vere cases of typhoid, and there was one 
case of scarlet fever brought to us from the regiment. 

Aside from these slight episodes, tlie tri]) to Cid)a 
was uneventful to the T\ougli Eiders. In tlie historv of 
warfare no such imposing array of troopshi])s liad ever 
been gathered together to carry an invading army. 
Thirty-four transports, arranged in three great lines, 
steaming so slowly that the alignment could ])q very 
well kept up, convoyed by one of the greatest battleships 
afloat, and by cruisers and gunboats, made a spectacle 
which every man who watched, realized was great, and 
in flunking of it, each man made the first letter of his 
thought a capital letter. Great in his mind, during that 
voyage, began with a tremendous G. 

We went down on the inside of the FLu-idu coast, and 
tlie first sign we had that there really was any Cuba on 

58 




Kroin !i i)liotogT!iph ' 

Col. Leonard Wood in coitsuUul'tvn iii/h Litu(.-( ul. JtuoftcnU ut Daiqitiii. 



AT 'I'AMI'A, AND TIIK Tlill' TO (THA. 

the iua[), \v;is the tlasliiiii;' of great scai'dili^lits tlii'owu 
from Morro Castle in Jlavana against the michiight sky. 
The " Scgiiranea" was the flagship. She was not a 
pretty boat, but she steamed at nine knots whih' we 
steamed at less than five, and thus maih' liei- way alxmt 
among us with some facility. In the meantime, >ignal 
men wei-e always wigwagging to the other boats from 
lier dingy bridge, and smutty litth' torpedo boats were 
ever dodging about among the fleet, gi\ing ordcMs fi'om 
her as to formation — as io \\lio should conu' foi'wai'd and 
M-Jio should fall back. 

There were things which hap[)ened, before we passetl 
Cape Maisi, of which we had no knowledge. 'Idie 
Spanish papers have, since the war, told of a ti'iji which 
one of their torpedo-boat destroyers made through the 
middle of our fleet on a foggy nudnight, when slie did 
not know whether she was among frieiuks oi* foes; wlien 
she did not know wliether to fire or hold hei- ammuintion, 
and Avheii slic was suddenly enliglit(MU'd by a stnrtly 
hail iVom the bridge of one of onr wai'ships, asking her 
if she wei-e the " Pol'tei'," one of onr toi'pedo boats. 
'J'he Spaiuards promptly answered, " ^'es.'" and when the 
warshi]) tlii'ew her searcddight ronnd, showing six or 
eight .\ m erica n ships in >iglit, she -kipped for the ( 'nhan 
coast and safety with all the rapidity tliei'e was within 
lier b( lilcis. 

riie " \'aid<ee,'' an ^Vmerican guidxiat, coii\'ei'ted 
from a nnllioiuiire's steam yacht, also nearly o|)ened tire 
upon us wlien our flagshi]) failed to give the proper night 
signal. But of these perils our nu'U, IJongh liiders and 
other troops alike, were wholly ignorant. 

61 



THE STORY OF THE ROUGH RIDERS. 

As oiir troopships passed Santiago, a shot was fired 
at only one of them, and that ship, strangely enongh, 
was named the " Santiago." The thing with the Rough 
Riders was still a picnic and not war. Indeed there 
were dead among them before they learned that war is 
grim and war is awfnl and war is real. 

So far as the ti-ip on the trans])()rts was concerned, 
much more excitement Avas occasioned hy pat hands at 
poker than was ever caused l)y dread of S})aniards. 

Here is a story told by Col. Henry Wigliam, an officer 
on the staff of the GJovernor of Arizona, and one of the 
men who helped to organize the Rough Riders: 

" Among the troopers was a cowboy named Frank 
Briggs. He was a dead shot, a reckless frontiersman, 
and a good, game sport. Briggs wrote a letter to me 
after he had gone on board the transport, which I re- 
ceived at Tampa, and which said in part: 

"■ ' I Avon $200 last night and $400 the night before. 
There is money to burn on this boat. If Charlie will 
only send me the dice he promised, I will be well 
stamped.' " 

A letter from an officer afterwards, to Colonel Wig- 
ham, spoke of the splendid work by Briggs, at Las 
Guasimas. He was as cool and accurate as though he 
liad l)cen in a turkey shoot back home, instead of in a 
battle on an enemy's hillside. 

" Officers' school " was held every day in the morning, 
and in the afternoon the men were trained in handling 
Krag-Jorgenson carbines. Colonel AYood feared that 
the men would suffer from their inacti^'ity during the 
trip, and made them exercise, as do the sailors on board 

62 



AT TAMTA, AND 11 [K TRIP TO CUBA. 

a iii;ni-o'-\var. ll was a iiroat lai'k for tlioiii to put thoir 
hands on one another's slionhk'rs and rush aliout in a 
kind of trotting lo(dv-stop f(»r an liour and a halt' cai-li 
(hiy. 

The first Cuhan hind that eanie in sioht Avas the hhio 
point of CajX' Maisi. The iiien eheered it with great 
enthusiasm, as they slowly ploughed through the sonth- 
eastern passage. For a full half day heforc they landed, 
they again hail sight of the hazy shores of Cuha and 
their cheering \v(^aried. 

Their first hurrahs at sight of Cuba were not so hearty 
as the cheers tlie_y gave wdien they parted from it, less 
than fifty days later. 

This reminds me of a story told of Mr. W. R. Hearst. 
It is said that when he first landed in Cnba and looked 
about — at the mnbrageous growth, at the fertile soil, 
at the towering ]ialins, at the flitting birds, at the 
fragrant flow(U's — he remarked to George Pancoast, who 
was with him: 

"My God! how could this paradise have been aban- 
doned ti> mere savages? " 

A month later, as he sailed away upon the " Silvia," 
a s])ecial ship which he had chartered to take him Xortli, 
lie stood calndy at the rail and gazed with satisfaction at 
his last blue glimpse of ( 'uha. When he had found that 
Paradise, he had heeii well and strong, his nuiscles and 
his mind had ovei'llowed with energy, his enthusiasm had 
been great, 'ihat day, as he leaned against the rail, the 
high temperature of Gnbnii fever burned his skin, his 
pulse beat 140 to the mintite, antl his eyes, erstwhile so 
bright, were yelloAv and bloodshot. 

63 



THE STORY OF THE KOUGH lilDEKS. 

He shook his fist at Cuba on this occasion, and 

said: 

" My God ! how can even savages live there ? " 

On the 2 2d of June, the Rough Riders made their 

hmding at Daiquiri. 



64 



CHAPTER IV. 

IN CUBA, 

BEFORE THE nOHTING. 

It was at Daicjjjiri that I tirst saw the Rongli Uidors. ^ 

I liad liaitpciu'd to go away from 'laiiipa on the very 
(lay tlu'y I'eachod there, and had rctnrned oidy in time 
to embark long after the " Yucatan" and its cargo of 
First Vohmteer Cavalry men was out of sight. r ^.^c- 

I was among the tirst to land, because there was a /'^i^J^^;J 
JonjiKil tugboat there to help me get ashore. While I 
was wat(dniig the soldiers of the regular troops disem- 
l>ark at the dock, the first boatload of Kough Iliders came 
alniig. This dock was a uiere skeleton. The Spaiuards 
had rip[)ed the j)lanking oft" it before the}' retired, and, 
althougli there were thousands of feet of loose boards 
stacked np on shore, our men were in too gi'eat a hurry 
to nail lliem on the bare timbers which had been left. 
Tlie engineers, who might have done this work, had 
been sent down the coast to build pontoon bridges for 
the ('ubaiis, and so the I'nited States army picked a 
precarious way ashore over slippery wooden girders. 

This gave the Eough Riders their first opportunity 
to distinguish themselves in Cuba. Our soldiers, laden 
down with blanket rolls, annnunition belts, arms, and 
otiier heavy equipment, (dindx'd up to the dock from 
the tossing surf boats with the utmost diftieulty. The 
sea dashed quite over the dock at times, and the wet 
5 65 



THE STOKY OF THE ROUGH RIDERS, 

timbers afforded slight hold for either hands or feet. 
The men were thoroughly occnpied in keeping their own 
balance, and frequently could not avoid letting some of 
their impedimenta slip from their hands into the boiling- 
waters below the dock. There lay bugles, guns, re- 
volvers, canteens, and other pieces of equipment galore. 
In the boat-load of Rough I\iders, which I have men- 
tioned, were C. E, Knoblauch, whom I have already 
spoken of as a member of the Xew York Stock Exchange, 
and several other expert sAvimmers. They quickly 
volunteered to rescue the lost articles, and stripped for 
the work. All day long they plied at this thankless 
task. 

Along toward night, while the Tenth Cavalry was 
struggling ashore, two of its colored troopers slipped oft" 
the dock and went down into the boiling sea among the 
crunching boats and jagged rocks. Knoblauch, Buckie 
O'Xeil, and their companions worked as never men 
worked before to save these two poor chaps from 
drowning, but the task was too great for human 
strength, and they had to make their way to shore 
as best they could — crestfallen and unsuccessful. The 
men who were drowned were the first victims of the same 
lack of foresight which afterwards cost so many lives 
at Bloody Angle, and the men who tried to save them 
were the first men who had an opportunity to develop 
heroism during the land operations of the Spanish- 
American War. 

So the Rough Riders were " in it " at the start. 

Over at the right of Daiquiri a sugar-loaf mountain 
rose sheer a thousand feet. It was called Mount Losil- 

66 



IN CUBA, EEFORE THE FIGHTING. 

tires. On the very siiiuniit of this strani;el_v shaped hill 
was a bh)ekh<)us('. All the inoriiiiig, during the bom- 
bardment, wo had watched this tiny fortification with 
the greatest interest. It offered a sliining mark for the 
gunners of the attacking ships, and proba])ly a hundred 
shells were aimed at it. ^lany struck near it, and as 
we Avatched the clouds of smoke and dust resulting from 
their explosions slowly clear away, we ex])ected to find 
that the blockhouse had been annihilated. Ihit when 
the bondtardnient ended, it still stood there, (tutlined 
shar})ly and saucily against the Cuban noonday sky. At 
its side there rose a flagstaff. 

I tried to borrow a flag of a nund)er of trans[)ort cap- 
tains, but witli that charming indifference to any ])atri- 
otic idea which they exhibited from beginning to end of 
the war, they unanimously refused to let me have one. 
I had in my possession a small flag belonging to the Xew 
A'ork Journal; I decided to raise that flag as the first 
to be set flying over Cuba by anyone connected with the 
United States army. 

There never was a harder clind) than the one by which 
I reached the summit of Mount Losiltires. I'here liad 
been a path up the side of the mountain, zigzagging and 
rough at best no doubt, but now almost entirely oblit- 
erated in places by the terrific explosions of our shells. 
In one place a hole not less than ten feet deep and 
three times as far across had literally scooped out the 
side of the mountain — ])atli and all. 1 never did harder 
Avork than I did in getting around this hole, clinging 
with hands and feet to tiny projections and little shrubs. 
AVilliam Bengough, a Joiirnal artist, had started "U'ith 

67 



THE STORY OF THE KOUGH EIDERS. 

me, but the heat and the climb proved too much for him, 
and he stopped to rest before we reached the hole. Fi- 
nally I scrambled up to the sunnnit. 

The sun was blistering hot and the clind> had cx- 
hansted me. I sat down to get my wind. While I 
was sitting there, Surgeon La Motto, (/'olor-Sergeant 
Wright, and Trumpeter Piatt, of the Kongh Riders, 
came up by another and easier trail. 

They had wdth them the flag which had hccn pre- 
sented to Captain McClintock's troop by the ladies of 
Pliamix, Arizona. It was a beautiful silk Hag and it 
is now a Hag with a history. This history will be found 
elsewhere in this volume. 

We consulted as to the best means of raising it. 'I'lierc 
were no lanyards on the weather-beaten old pole which 
the Spaniards had left behind them. We tried to de- 
vise a scheme of putting a flag up on that, but it was 
too small and slippery to climb, and "we gave the notion 
up. Just at this moment the only patriotic civilian 
sailor that I saw during the whole war, came clind)ing 
slowly over the edge of the hill. I have forgotten his 
name; I Avish I had it. The llough liiders had inves- 
tigated the blockhouse and found a little ladder inside, 
long enough to reach up to the tiny cupola with its 
loopholes. Wright and Piatt had found this ladder, 
and presently Piatt appeared on his knees on the hot, 
slippery tin roof. He remained on his knees not more 
than five consecutive seconds. The roof was too steep 
and Piatt came to grief with great rapidity. 

Then we paused for consultation. We had the flag, 
we were at the top of the hill, the blockhouse and the 

68 



IN CUBA, JiEFOKE 'I UK i'KillTING. 

lluiipolc were there lo olir IkiikIs. ImiI we enilltl see im 
way of eari'viii^ out our hrilliaiit (lesii>n. Arouud the 
edge of the hill the Spauiards had dug 1 renelies and built 
outside <d' theui a low stone wall. Color-Sergeant 
Wright took the tlag on its own Hagstatf, and waved it 
from this wall. IJengough eaine u]) and made a sketch 
of him as he stood there. 1 have it in m_v possession. 

1'heii the ])atriotie sailor wlioui I have mentioned, and 
who had lieen ([uietly and with some amusement watch- 
ing our efforts, volunteered his services. Wright and 
Piatt lost themselves in speechless admiration as he crept 
like a eat out on the slij)pery roof. AVright had diffi- 
eidty in finding words to ex])ress his anui/ement, a u\o- 
ment later, when the sailor rose to his feet, and lashed 
the flag of the Kongh Riders, staff and all, to the little 
timber which stuck from the peak of the hlocd^house. 

The little l»ay in which the transports were an(diore(l 
lay like a sheet of silvei" in front of us. Between it and 
the foot of our hill the coast of Cuha sti'etched like a 
map. The ships looked like toy shi])s from our jtoint 
of \autage, and oni' soldiers looked like toy soldiers. 
The tlag had heen wa\ing in the ln-ee/.e ]»erhaps a min- 
ute before these t<y' soldier^ and the men on those toy 
ships got sight of it. And when tli<'y did. iMMllani broke 
loose. Every steam whistle on the warships screamed its 
loudest, every soldier in the iii\"ading "thousands yelled 
hi~ hoai'sest, and the ( 'uhans, pi-oud ot" the new Lee rifles 
\\hi(di liad been disti'ibuted among them by the navy, 
tire<l tliein off in greeting volleys to the bit of red, white, 
and blue which fluttered brightly at tlie top of .Mount 
hosiltires. 

6!» 



THE STOKY OF THE KOKfill KIDERS. 

Thus the Roiigh Riders won their second g^ory. They 
had developed the first army heroes in the war, and now 
they had flown the first flag raised by the United States 
army on Cuban soih 

I remember with considerable interest an episode 
which occurred before we left the top of the hill. The 
three Rough Riders who were present proved themselves 
to be fine soldiers before the war was over, but on the 
afternoon of that 2 2d of June we came near losing two 
of them. 

It was evident that the Spaniards had left theii- 
trenches up there with consideral)le haste, for behind 
tliem remained many abandoned tra])pings. The com- 
manding officer, for instance, had left the orders which 
had been sent to him from lieadquarters and copies of 
liis own replies to them. One of his letters was amusing, 
fonnd as it was in the midst of an abandoned post, which 
had fired not one answering shot to our b(>iid)ai'(liii('nt. 
It Avas addressed to (Jeneral Toral, and announced that 
he, the officer on ]\[ount Losiltires, would take great 
pleasure in getting along without reinforcements, and 
that, should the American army ap]>ear, l)acke(l l)y the 
entire navy of the United States, he could whi]) them 
and drive them back to Florida, single handed and with- 
out difficulty. 

But as I have said, when the army did come, he fired 
not one single shot in opposition to its landing. 

Being a S]^aniard, he adopted other means to accom- 
plish onr undoing. There were many bottles of wine 
among the rubbish which the Spaniards had left behind 
them in the blockhouse, and tliere were other bottles of 

70 



IX CTHA, BKF(JRK IIIK KICHTIXG. 

wiiu' lyiiiu' (iiitsidc I lie lildcklidusc miuI on the stone wall 
and in the trcnc-lics. Tlicv lav there very ostentatiously. 
No one could possibly fail to see them. It was a hot 
day. The exertion of getting np the hill and raising 
the flag had been tremendous. That wine looked most 
inviting. \\'riulit and Piatt had opened a bottle and 
were about to drink of it, when Surgeon J^a ]\Iotte took it 
from them and snielled it. He threw the botth^ on a 
rock, where it was dashed to fragments. Then he took 
the copjicr binding of an exploded six-incdi shell, and 
with it broke every other l)ottle of that wine which the 
Spanish commanding officer had kindly left for the 
comfort and entertainnicnr of the Anici'ican army. 

AVright and Piatt had had a mirrow es('ai)e. 

The wine was ])oisoned. 

We made onr way down the hill and left the flag 
behind us. to lloat thei'e |)i'oudly until sunset. 

The Rough Ridei's were encamped in a beautiful val- 
ley between the two low ranges of pretty hills which 
border the I)ai<|uiri liiver. They had wirli them (udy 
" dog tents." and the grass in the \ alley was higher than 
tlie tents. This grass was full of land crabs and tarantu- 
las. Xice little lizards, too, scuttled about here and 
there, and there wcro some extremely susj)icious-lo()king 
snakes. 

Colonel AVood and Colonel Roosevelt did not main- 
tain such military discipline in the construction of their 
camp as did some of the other commanding officers, and 
the dog tents went np in a somewhat haphazard fashion. 
As soon as they Avere up and the men discovered their 
discomfort, they set about constructing for tliemselves 

71 



THE STORY OF THE KOUGH liiDEKS. 

more pleasant shelters. Neighboring shrnbbcry was 
drawn upon for uprights and leafy bonglis, and some 
good-natnred ("ul)ans instructed our gallant lighters in 
the mysteries of palm thatches. Before night fell, fully 
a quarter of the men were comfortably housed under 
these impromptu roofs. Regimental headquarters were 
positively embowered through the efforts of solicitous 
troopers. Probably no officers ever looked more care- 
fully after the comfort of their men, and certainly no 
men ever looked more carefully after the comfort of 
their officers. 

As the quick-setting sun went down red and fiery 
behind the hills, this Cuban solitude which had suddenly 
been transformed into the abiding place of six liundred 
men, Avitli its myriad camp fires twinkling gayly, its 
cheery bugle calls and active bustle, presented as beau- 
tiful a picture as the brush of a painter could desire. 

Travelling with the regiment was Burr Mcintosh, also 
of the Journal, and a well-kn(jwn actor. ]\[cIntosli was 
affected with that prying curiosity which leads a journal- 
ist to news, and sometimes into trouble. The first evi- 
dence of it came when he decided to test the speed of two 
tarantulas. At Tamj)a the boys had organized exciting- 
races in which land turtles were the participants; Mc- 
intosh decided to try tarantulas. He did. They didn't 
speed to any appreciable extent, but they bit him with 
amazing rapidity. We wondered if journalism and the 
stage w^ere about to lose a shining light. Surgeon La 
Motto did his best. Mclntosli, ]\Iajor Brodie, Sergeant 
Hamilton Fish, and one or two others planned to tour 
the place in search of that celebrated medicine which is 

72 



s 



IN CUBA, BP:F0HE I'llK KK I il'l'l NG. 

given so froclv in ACw .Icrscv as a cure for siuiko bite. 
There was no whiskey in the eanip. They searehed else- 
where with commeudable persistence. There was no 
whiskey in any other camp. They walked eagerly up 
the straggling little street, which has its beginning near 
the now celebrated skeleton dock. At last they found 
a storehouse full of Jamaica rum and great demijohns 
of sweet Spanish wine. They tried the rum and found 
it raw, even beyond the endurance of a liough Rider. 
They carried a great demijohn of the wine l)ack to camp 
with them. 

]\lcIntosh did nut die 
of the tarantula bites, 
but when he woke the 
next uKU'iiing to a reali- 
zati(»n of the kind of 
head which sweet Span- 
ish wine is capable of 

That Sweet Spaimk Wine. 

])utting on a ]ournalist 

aii<l actoi', he was sorry that he had not. lie did not 
drink all of the wine, and there were others. 1 will not 
mention names, because these men are now looked up to 
as heroes by a grateful American ])nblic, and it would be 
cruel to take from them their lanreU, but there were 
those among the Ifough Tliders who. however bravely 
they endured their wounds in days that followed, groaned 
miserably and were willing to go away from Cuba on the 
morning of the 'I'^d of June. 

Most of the troops had disembarked before morning, 
and the landscape when the sun rose was dotted for 
a mile up the valley with the white tents of the United 




THE STOKY OF THE HOUGH KIDERS. 

States armj. Down on the beacli among half a dozen 
snrf boats which had been crnshed on the rocks, and 
amidst the many-colored, shining sea-shells of the (Carib- 
bean, lay the two troopers who had been (h'owiicd the 
day before, and whom the llongli Riders had tried to 
save. A detail from the regiment was present at tlicir 
nnimposing funeral early in the morning. Genei-al 
Shafter was still on his Hagshij), the " Segnraii(;a/' 
Major-General Joseph Wheeler was in connnand on 
shore. 

]\Iost of the newspaper men were not allowed to land 
nntil late on the 23d. Those of ns who had lancU'd be- 
fore had a hard time. The Cnbans, who were naturally 
grateful to the J^ew York Juunuil, had turned ov(;r 
to me as headquarters a big bungalow on a liill, and this 
kept the night dew olf us. There were in our ])arty 
Stephen Crane, John Hans of the London DdUij ]\fail, 
Fraid< Xuttall of the London Daihj Trlcf/i-d jili. and 
others. lU\t saved as we were from sleeping out oi' doors, 
we were entirely without food. AVhat little we got we 
begged from soldiers, although all of us bore credentials 
from tlie Secretary of Wai-, directing all commanding 
officers to furnish forage and i-ations for us at tlie cost 
price. I may be ])ardoned for remarking here that I 
ate only one meal while I was in Cuba during tlie 
Spanish-American war. 

The morning and early afternoon of the 23d of June 
were devoted l)y the Rough Riders to perfecting the 
comfort and beauty of their camp at Daiquiri. They 
apparently expected to remain there a long time. But at 
one o'clock General Wh(>eler sent orders to Colonel 

76 



IN CUBA, IJEFOHE THE FIGHTING. 

AV(»()(1 to !»(' rrady lu move at a iiKdiiciit's notice. In 
the iiicautiiiic several rei;iiiieiits of rciiiilar tru<)[)s had 
niarrlied (ill' lowai'ds Siboney. At half past one orders 
came tor the Roni;h Kich'rs to move at once. 

'Jdieir heantil'id cam]) was traiisfornie(| into a scene 
of (h'sohitioii within an hour. The lilth' shehers nnd 
]»ahn thatches were rnthh'ssly destroyed. JJOg' touts 
came down and went into the hhiidvct rolls of these 
di-^nioniited ca\alryiiien with a rapidity whicdi wonhl 
have done crech't to any regiment of regulars. The oidy 
tronhh' concerne(l the nnde-ti'ains. The scarcity ot 
animals which luindicapped tiie conduct of the (hdian 
campaign from the very start Avas severely felt hy the 
KoTigli Riders. Much of the luggage of" the officers was 
al)an(h>ned Avhere it lay in camp. It seemed almost im- 
])ossil)le to ])ack the mess truck alone on the f(>w animals 
at hand, and the rapid-hre and dynamite gnns ])resented 
great })rol)]ems. The captain of the " Yucatan '' had 
gone out to sea with a good deal of the Kongh Iliders' 
plunch'r. There were not satldles enough for the offi- 
cers to ride in. Colonel Wood had an extra horse — a 
beautiful little thoi'onghbred Iventu(d<Ly mare. It was 
almost witli tears in his eyes that he oi'd(M-ed a pack- 
saddle put on her and told the men to load her with the 
regimental head(|uai'ters mess kit, and the jiretty little 
beast turned jiathetic eyes of protest on her master while 
this was being done. AVood felt so badly about it that 
he went away. He never saw the little thoroughbred 
again, I am told. She was among the hist auinuils shot 
at Guasimas. 

Colonel Roosevelt was without a saddle. The man 



THE STORY OF THE ROUGH RIDERS. 

who led his troops so coolly at Guasimas and San Juan 
reached a state of excitement in the face of this early 
emergency which reminded me of the old days in New 
York when he was a Police Commissioner. His wrath 
was boiling, and his grief was heart-breaking. General 
Shafter had promised me before we left Tampa that T 
shonld be given plenteous transportation for Jotirtial 
horses. I had consulted him before purchasing them, as 
I didn't want to buy animals that I could not tak(^ with 
me. At the last moment, however, he had refused to 
allow any Journal horse a place on any trans] )()i't, and 
the Journal stall" was entirely without animals. This, 
however, left us with a large surplus of saddles. 1 had 
one myself, old and worn and perfectly comfortable, 
which I was especially fond of. In Colonel Roosevelt's 
distress I came to his rescue and loaned him that saddle. 
He rode it into the battle the next day and into oblivion, 
for it has never been heard of since. 

I shall never forget the terrible march to Siboney. 
Colonel Wood kindly permitted me to march with him 
at the head of the column, in company with Captain 
McCormack and the regimental adjutant. Captain 
Capron was the senior captain of the regiment, and his 
command (L Troop) was at the head of the column. 
Just ahead of Colonel AVood a little Cuban boy, who 
could talk English, rode on a tiny native stallion, which 
succeeded in keeping Colonel Wood and his big charger 
at a very respectable distance. Color-Sergeant Wright, 
bearing the heavy regimental standard — the same which 
we had raised the day before on Mount Losiltires — was 
just behind me, and was unquestionably the happiest man 

78 



IX CUBA, BEFOKE THE FIGHTING. 

in ('iil);i. The lioat was absolutely terrific, and before 
Mc had marclied two ndles every uniform was so soaked 
with j)erspirati()n that the men looked as if they had Ix'en 
ducked. 

Tyree Kivcrs was tlic second vcuulai- army otHcer at- 
tached to the Ivouiih Kith'rs. lie was an aide on 
Y<)uni;\s statf and an officer in the Third Cavalry, as 
(^iptain AlcC'ormack was the representative of (Jeneral 
^\'hc(■h■r. It is not fair to fail to mention Ins valorous 
work. JIc went from Siboucy to Las Gnasimas on a 
])ai'ticnhirly stui'dy mule, Avhicli he let me ri<le at int(M-- 
\als. After we had stopped at the end of the ti-ail, and 
( 'olonel Wood had received word from ('apron that sii;-ns 
of Spaniards had been seen, he sent Rivers off into the 
junule at the right. Rivers came back, after he had 
started, and formally gave me his mule. I tied the 
animal to a l)arbed-wire fence and have neither seen her 
nor Rivers since. 

General Wood told me the other day in Washington, 
that Rivers' conduct during the battle was most ex- 
traordinarily commendabU'. lie must have gone liack 
and got the mide, for (Jeneral AVood said that he rode 
mounted u]) and down the firing line, and did mighty 
good woi-k in encouraging the men and keeping them 
cool. It is interesting to note that McCormack an<l 
Rivers were the only men in the regiment who wore 
the United States army l)lue uniforms, and it is probable 
that they were, because of these miiforms, selected as 
especial targets by the Spanish sharpshooters. I don't 
know this to be true, I simply guess at it. At the time 
I saw General Wood in Washington, this book was prac- 

79 



THE STORY OF THE EOUGH RIDERS. 

tically completed. lie asked me to add this reference 
to Kivers. I add it with pleasure. 

Some regiments of regular infantry were ahead of us, 
and the superiority of the Kough lliders, not only over 
volunteers, but over most regulars, was never better illus- 
trated than it was that day. J)uring the march from 
Daiquiri to Siboney, probably one-half of the men in the 
regiment preceding us dropped out from heat prostra- 
tion. Our path through the Cuban jungles was literally 
lined during most of the distance by poor fellows in blue, 
who had fallen by the wayside and lay there helpless and 
alone, gasping for breath. AVe lost not one man from 
exhaustion who did imt succeed in rejoining us before 
we went to l)('d that night. 

There was an exhil)ition of grit on this march that de- 
serves mention. One trooper had had his legs crushed 
between the Inimpers of two cars on the way from Tampa 
to Port Tampa. lie had only partially recovered when 
this march began, Init he insisted on going with the regi- 
ment. On the way he fell out from exhaustion, and the 
men with him tliought that he would die. lie was, of 
necessity, left by the wayside with some exhausted ones 
from other regiments. Before the next day's battle was 
half over, he crawled slowly to the front and fired his 
full share of shots before the fighting ended. 

One of the most astonishing things I saw in Cuba 
occurred on this trip. A regular soldier, belonging, I 
think, to the Tenth Infantry, suddenly discovered that 
his period of enlistment expired that day at five o'clock 
in the afternoon. We had perhaps completed half our 
march when he made this discovery. "Without hesita- 

80 



IN CUBA, BEFORE THE FKillTlNG. 

tiuu, ;inJ at tlic beginning- of the canipjiign, he dcniandcd 
his discharge from his connnanding otHccr, turned over 
such of his e(|iiipnient as belonged to the (loveriinieiit, 
and k'ft the United States aniiv tlien and there. His 
dei^arturc was aeeonipaiiied by ;i chiii-us of jeers ti-oni his 
own eouirades, and as he answered them, he fell in the 
path of Captain C'apron. (Aq)ron collared him as if he 
had been a yellow dog, and passed him down to the long 
line of Rongh Riders which stretched behind. I don't 
know what happened to liim after he passed <>nt of my 
sight, bnt 1 know that before he had disappeared, there 
was very little clothing on him, and he was very properly 
bleeding. 

There is no eonnti'v on the earth more beantiful than 
that throngh which we passed. For a large part of onr 
wav we were almost end}owcred by the rising Cnban 
jnngle on eaeli side of onr path; for several niih^s we 
marched throngh a cocoannt grove where the palms 
towered on an average more than a hundred feet above 
onr heads; we crossed several handsome streams and 
went through the dry IxmI of one river. The Spaniards 
had announced tluit we could never march from Dai- 
(piiri to Silioney. without building elal)orate bridges, 
bnt we found that all of the streams were easily ford- 
able. 

ISTothing is thirstier than a long march, except a battle. 
As we crossed one of the streams, the water looked so 
cool, clear, and delightful that Colonel AVood stopped 
and told ns to be careful. 

" You can fill yonr canteens here/' he said, " if you 
don't foul the water yourselves." 
6 8t 



THE STORY OF THE ROUGH RIDERS. 

So we stopped on stepping stones, and we hovered on 
the edges, and we hnng ourselves out on overhanging 
boughs, and we tilled our canteens. And just as we got 
them filled, we heard a great splashing around a curve 
up stream, and a large section of the Tenth Cavalry 
(colored) came into view. They were swimming in the 
river. 

We emptied our canteens. 

After that the march was long and weaiw. By no 
means as large a proportion of men dropped (Hit of our 
regiment as had dropped out of the regular regiment 
that preceded us, but stilh twenty or thirty fell by th(> 
wayside. Along towards the end of the uiarcli — after 
we had come across the raih'oad track-^. and were mo- 
mentarily expecting to see Siboney — the men began to 
grumble a little bit. Darkness had fallen, and march- 
ing was difficult. The curious lumpy roots of the scrub 
|)almettos grew constantly across our path, and walking- 
was not joyful. AVhen a man called back '" hole," we 
were all unhappy until Ave had seen some other fellow 
fall in, and thus knew that we had passed it. Humorous 
sentries were posted high above us on the railroad em- 
bankment to our left, and they cried out ribald cries 
about imminent Spaniards and sudden death that was 
likely to strike us in the next thicket. Those last miles 
were worse than fighting. Finally, it was well after ten 
o'clock, we began to find the campfires of the regiments 
which had already reached Siboney. 

At last we went into camp in the very heart of the 
now^ famous little village. In front of us were the rail- 
way tracks, and beyond them the sea. Some transports 

82 



IN CUBA, BEFORE THE EKJIITING. 

had come up from Daiquiri and were vomiting their men 
into the surf, from which they scrambled up to us, 
drenched and disheartened. 

Slioi'lly after our arrival Major-General AVheeler sent 
for Colonel AVood and General Young, 



83 



CHAPTER V. 

THE FIRST SHOT. 

The 24:th of June liad well Uegiin before this con- 
ference between Generals Wheeler and Yoniii;- and 
Colonels Wood and Roosevelt was ended. 

Before the day had finished, nine of the men in the 
regiment were dead on a Cnban hillside, scarce six nules 
away, and thirty-two were lying in hastily improvised 
hospitals, sore wonnded. 

I was not actnally present at this conference, but 
Richard Harding Davis was, and he says in his book, 
and says privately, that General AYheeler had recon- 
noitred the trail that afternoon with some Cubans, and 
found that the enemy were intrenched at Guasimas, 
which, Davis says, is at the apex of two trails only 
three miles from Siboney, but which is really more 
than five miles away from that strange little Cuban 
town. 

Before the rain came that night, despite our weariness, 
some of us started to explore. Troops were still being 
landed through the surf. Two warships lay in the slight 
coast-line indentation which is dignified by the name of 
bay, and played their searchlights on the landing place. 
Probably no more picturesque sight w^as ever presented 
to the eye of a newspaper correspondent than was before 
me and half a dozen of the Rough Riders when we went 

84 



THK FIRST SHOT, 

down to tlie odiio of the ocean for a swim. The canteens 
of the reiiinunit wvvv empty, and I was thirstier than 
1 liave ever been before in m_v life, and the men of the 
rei>iment nnist have been Avorse off tlum 1 was. They 
had been earryinii' their heavy arms and eqnipment dnr- 
ing the lon^' martdi from Daiqniri, \vhik^ 1 had ])orne 
only a blanket, in which I had wrapped my photographic 
films and my camera. The blanket, by the way, be- 
longed to Ste])hen C^'ane. Mine had fallen a victim to 
the skeleton i)ier. AVe took our little bath. We 
stri]i])e(l for it as boys do who g'o into the Erie C^inal to 
swim, and tlms saved ourselves from attracting attention, 
because the man who had clothes on, unless he was just 
getting ont of one of the landing surf boats, would have 
appearcMl unusual. l^r(il)al)ly two hundred American 
soldiers werc^ thei'e in the surf, helping the newcomers 
to disend)ark, and they were quite as God made them. 
I shall not soon forget the wet look of the water in the 
sea. We all wanted to driid< it. While we were 
standing tliere talking about it and discussing the 
thoughts which must come to shipwrecked sailors on 
rafts who see "water, water everywhere and not a dro]i 
to drink," one of the TcMith Infantry came along with 
six or eight canteens on his shoulders. Tic asked us if 
we want ('(1 a drink. We did. 

''Well, hei'e you are," he said, and handed a canteen 
t(» 1 )r. ( 'hui'ch. 

The doctor took it. He took one swallow. He 
handed it sorrowfully back. 

" Xever mind,'" said he. '" T will go thirsty." 

Tlic canteens were filled with that same sweet Spanish 



THE STORY OF THE ROUGH RIDERS. 

wine wliieli the liongh liidcrs had learned to dread at 
Daiquiri. 

AVe had returned to camp before the men had cooked 
supper. Colonel Wood asked me join the regimental 
mess, and I was filled with exceedingly great joy. But 
the men were handicapped by lack of water. The Span- 
iards had cut the pipes which were supposed to bring 
water from the hills, and Colonel Wood had given the 
strictest orders that no member of his regiment should 
drink the water which was being given out freely in the 
Cuban shanties of the town. His wisdom in taking this 
course is plainly shown by the fact that not one mem- 
ber of the Itough Ttiders developed a case of fever dating 
from that (Uiy, although the regular troops who were en- 
camped thereabout began to come down with it within 
forty-eight hours. From the beginning of the campaign 
to its very finish, Wood's medical knowledge and regard 
for sanitation saved the men of liis command from many 
evils to which the soldiers of other regiments, even 
among the regular troops, were often exposed. 

Finally, and it was fully midnight, the details of men 
who had ]>een sent for water came back from somewhere 
with an ample supply, and the cooking which had been 
delayed by the lack of it Ijegan to go merrily forward. 
We were hungry — officers and men alike — and the 
gleaming campfires, against which the figures of the 
sturdy cooks were strongly silhouetted in the inky black- 
ness of the Cuban night, seemed especially inviting. 
There was prol)al)ly not one man in the regiment who 
was not licking his chops in anticipation, as he looked on. 

But the luck of the Bough Riders deserted them then. 

86 



TlIK FIRST SHOT. 



AVc were in Cuba at tlu- hfyiiuiini;- nf the rainy season, 
and had every reason to expect tlic worst kind of weather. 
For some reason, (Jod had hcen good to General Shafter 
and had let hhn hind liis troops under sniiling- skies. 
Xothing that natnre eonld do to help him he a good 
commanding genci-al liad been omitted by an all-wise 
Providence, ii}* to that time, and Ave had l>een able to get 
along fairly well. Bnt suddenly, \\hile we were waiting 
for our supper to be cooked, the first rain which had 
descended since we landed in Cuba began to fall. it 
was not what we know as rain in the Xorth. It was a 
deluge. It was such a downpour as we have never heard 
of in the United States. It put out the caniptires and we 
suffered accordingly. Those of us who were too tinnl 
to wait for it to stop before we went to sleep, missed our 
suppers. That was a serious matter for some of us who 
had not had breakfast or dinner, and who did not have 
breakfast the next day. But it was Cuba. 

Just back of Siboney rises another of those abi-upt 
hills which are so frequent along that ])art of the Cuban 
coast. Over this hill runs one trail and along the valhy 
at its side and to the right of it runs another. Ceneral 
Wheeler ordered Ceneral Young and three hnndred 
and sixty-two men (d' the First and Tenth Cavalry to 
pass u]) the valley trail, and ordered Colonel Wood and 
his five hundred and seventy- four nu^n to go up the hill 
trail. They were to meet where the trails met and 
niergecl into a wagon road to Santiago at Cuasinias. 

The Cuban scouts had reported the presence of Span- 
ish shar])shooters in the jungle along the trails, and ha<l 
announced that a body (d' Spaniards were strongly m- 

89 



THE STORY OF THE ROUGH RIDERS. 

trenclicd just beyond where the roads met. So it is well 
to say here that the battle which followed was not 
technically an ambush, although it is true that the Amer- 
ican troops met the Spaniards before they had expected 
to. Still, as they were marching throngh an enemy's 
country, and were taking every possible precaution, it 
is scarcely fair to say that they were actually sur])rised. 

The night in Siboney was probably the most uncom- 
fortable one which most of the members of the regiment 
had up to that time experienced. It was fully midnight 
before they were ready to sleep, and the terrific down- 
pour had soaked the Cuban upper soil until it was of tlie 
consistency of breakfast oatmeal, l)ound together and 
rendered doubly disagreeal)le by the wire grass. Oui- 
men had only their dog tents, and their chcaj) ponchos or 
rubber blankets were slight protection to them against 
the penetrating mud. In addition to this, no one thing 
which the underbred and unmilitary Cnban officers in 
charge of troops there at Siboney could do to render 
sleep in our camp impossible was omitted. 

Reveille was sounded at 3.15. 

The camp of the Rough Riders presented a weird sight 
in the early morning darkness. ( 'ampfires had been left 
luirning all night, and the figures of the cooks at work 
around them looked like busy demons. I had tried to 
sleep during the night on the porch of a Cuban shanty, 
with two or three officers. ]\Iy fitful slum1)er was dis- 
turbed by the voice of Buck Dawson, chief herder in 
the Rough Riders' pack-train. Buck's remarks were 
not less weird than his appearance, and that was ab- 
solutely unearthly. Two of his mules had come over 

90 



TllK FIRST SllO'J'. 

niid knocked :it llic iU»>v of tlmt Cul.aii sliaiity ^vitll 
Ihcir liiiid feet. JIc was arguiiii; tlu' luattcr with 

tllClll. 

Colonel Wood and Colonel lloosevelt did not lie down 
to sleep that night at all. When morning came they 
were still wandering hnsily around in their long yellow 
"■ sli(d<ei's " or rain coats. Wood looked worn and hag- 
gard, and his voice was cracked and hoarse. ltoos(;velt 
was :is lively as a chi])nuink, and seemed to be in half a / 
dozen places ;it once. There was tremendous trouble in 
getting the mule-trains packed, and the mess kits ready 
for ti'ansportation. Dawn had fairly broken — and 
broken is the riglil word to describe the coming of the 
Cuban dawn, for the change from darkness to light is 
almost as (piick as the crack of an egg — and AVood's ex- 
asperation oxer the slowness of the men was a cheerful 
sight to witness. Finally he announced to the packers 
and cooks in stentorian tones that if tiny were not rea<ly 
in ten minutes, he would abandon them. They were 
ready. 

And so as the first heat of the Cuban day began to beat 
down upon the side of that ])recipitons hill, the Hough 
Riders commenced to crawl slowly u]) it like great brown 
tlies. The trail was niisei'nble. 1 mandied in a<lvance 
of the regiment, and many times had to pull myself u\) 
bv (diniiing to rocks and slirnb>. The men behind nie 
with their guns and bhinket I'olls must have had a much 
harder time than 1 did. We were forceil to halt for 
re-^t liidf a do/.en times during the n^ceiit of this six or 
seven hundred feet. liy the time we had reacliecl the 
summit, we were all at least as tired as we had been 

'.II 



THE STORY OF THE ROUGH RIDERS. 

the night l>efore, when avc lay (hiwii to take our un- 
satisfactory sleep. 

<-■■ From that summit as Leantifnl a view was presented 
to ns as had been shown to the little group of Rough 
Riders the day before, when they raised tlu^ flag on 
Mount Losiltires. There were transports and warships 
in the little ba}^ at the bottom of the hill, and every 
level spot of ground in sight was covercxl with the camps 
of our troops. Delicate bugle calls Hoated softly ii]) to 
us like blasts from fairy trumpets, and the s(iual<)r of 
the (^iban town at our feet was gilded into glory by 
the morning sun. When that same day's sun Avas 
setting, another grou]) of Rough Riders looke(l down 
at the same scene, and some of them saw it through a 
haze which a])proacliing death had s])r('ad before llicir 
eyes. 

From this point our march to the front was through 
one of the most beautiful countries that \ have cNcr seen. 
We went very rapidly — so ra])idily, indeed, tliat there 
came unheeded protests from the exhausted men. L 
Tro(»p was, as it had l>een the day befoi-e, at the head of 
the column. We marched in single file, and Captain Cap- 
ron was just behind me. RicharcLJIarding Davis, who 
was suffering from sqiatica, had borrowed a Government 
mule, and made a picfiii-^sque sight as he went before 
us, preceding C^aptain McCormack as a matter of neces- 
sity. ]\rcC^ormack was also mounted on a mule, and if 
Davis had not ridden ahead of him, the column would 
have stopped, for McCormack's mule would only go at 
all when it could follow the animal Davis rode. (Colonel 
Wood sent two Cuban scouts to reconnoitre before us. 

92 



THE FIRST SHOT. 

'Vhoy m\\M lifivo kopt well in advanco, for wo did not 
see tlieiu aii'ain that ilay. The eoh)nel, of coiu'sc, i-ode 
ahead of all of iis, while at first Colonel lloosevelt re- 
mained in his place in the middle of the line. 

AVe had advancecl l(>ss than a iinlc fi'om the hrow of 
the lull, when Wood (U'dci'ed ( 'a])i'on and his troop to (^o 
forward as an adxance i;'nar(h The ti'ail had here nai'- 
rowed down to a mere bridle path, hot'dcrcd on caidi >ide 
l)_v dense thiekets. Those of ns who knew what the 
Cuhans' report had ix'en on the nii^lit hefoi'e. looked 
sharp when w(> heard coming' from these thi(d\ets the 
l)laintive call of tlu^ wood cuckoo. This call had heeii 
used as a signal 1)y the Spaniards when our mai'ines 
landed at (Jnantanamo, and we thought it indicated the 
presence of sharjishooters. Colonel A\^ood and Mq- 
Cormack hoth s]ioke to me ahout it, and both peered 
anxiously into the thickets Avhen the call came, but there 
came no following ritle shot. After this episode had 
occurred five or six times, we ceased to heed the cn(d<o<i 
calls, thiid<ing that they were really bii-d voices, but a 
S]»anisli ])i'isom'i' on the hos])ital ship "Olivette" told 
me that the progress of the Iiough liiders was reportcMl 
in detail to the Spanish couimandiug general by pickets 
who ]iassed this call along, and that the sluirpshooters 
who Avere posted along that t...ii only refrained from 
shooting in order to allay our suspicions and induce us to 
march unthinkingly into the cul-de-sac which they had 
]U"e])ared toi' lis farther on. 

I have no donbt that tlie "Rough ^Riders in the ranks 
had been t(dd that they would meet the Spaniards before 
the day was over, but the statement had made little 

93 



THE STORY OF THE EOUGH RIDERS. 

impression on tliein. While we were in Tampa we had 
waited so long for orders to moA'e that the war had corns 
to seem a dreamy kind of myth to ns; avIicii the navy 
homharded Daiqniri, not an answering shot had hccii 
tired; on the long march fr()m l)ai(]niri to Siboncy tlic 
men had seen no Spaniards and had seen no signs of 
Spaniards. They lind ncrcr seen a Spiiiiiiii'd. I doiiht 
if most of them actnally realized that morning thai ihcrc, 
were any Spaniards on the island. As I ha\(' said, they 
had been tohl that they wonld meet the Spaniards before 
the day was over, but it was as if yon were told, when yon 
got on a raih'oad train, that yon wonld have an accident 
before yon reached yonr destination. Yon have never 
seen a railway accident, and while yon know there are 
snch things, still yon take very little stock in the an- 
nouncement that lias been made to yon. > 

The Rongh Riders took no stock at all in the story 
that they would meet the Spaniards. 

jS^o words can descril)e the desolation of the conntry 
throngh which Ave were now marching. A land which 
has always been a wilderness is not onedialf so dreary as 
a land which has been under cidtivation, and been aban- 
d(med. 

In a year a tropical wood will make inroads which a 
I^orthern forest wonld not make in a generation. The 
plantations along onr route, victims of the revolution 
which had raged in Cuha for three years, were desolate 
and overgrown A\dth scrub and creepers. In places, erst- 
while cultivated fields had been filled with a twenty-foot 
growth, which towered higher than our heads and arched 
completely over us. It was as jf we were marching in 

94 



THK FIRST SHOT. 



a tunnel with orccn walls. Xo words can describe the 
oppressiveness of the heat which made us uasp and sweat 
in tlicsc places. l"'rc(|ucnt liallinus for I'est were iin- 
avoidaMc. On l)<>tli sides (.f us, harhcd-wirc fences 
hediiC(l us inlo llic lu'idlc path. 

Bv and l»y we came !(• a place where, at the rii;ht of 
the trail, a deserted mansion stood. AVe could just catch 
glimpses of it through the l.ushes. A palm tree had 
grown in its very middle and, lifting its roof, had cast 
it a>ide in ruins. Just here Colonel Roosevelt, who had 
come forward and was riding in the group at the head 
of the main column, and hehind L Troop, picked up two 
shovels and fastened them to his saddle. What the 
colonel intended to d<» with the two shovels is unrecorded 
history. 

It .was perhaps live hundred yards lieyond this point 
that a (^d)an scout is alleged to have infonne(| ( 'aptain 
Cajtrou that the Spaniards were in force ahead of us. 
For myself, 1 do not believe that any Cuban scout did 
any such thing, or any other thing, except to double back 
to Siboiiey and return to his comi)aniou long before we 
reached a danger ])oiiit. 

Colonel AVood had wariu'd Captain Cai)ron that, at a 
certain jxtint, he would couie across the dead body of a 
Spanish guerrilla, who had been killed the day before 
bv Cubans, unless the Spaniards had removed him, which 
was improbable, and if they did not find this corpse, Cap- 
ron would, a little farther on, see a campfire. "Wood- 
bury Kane came back and simply told Colonel "Wood 
that the enemy had been discovered, and AVood does not 
know now whether they found them out through the 

95 



THE STORY OF THE ROUGH RIDERS. 

presence of the dead guerrilla, or tlirougli tlie presence 
of the campfire. 

We halted. 

Colonel Wood gave the order of " Silence in the 
ranks." We could hear the men send it to the rear along 
the line, and then someone saw lying a little way l)ack, 
and over at the sides the dead hody of a Cnhaii. I liave 
been told that this (hil)an was one of our scouts, hut 1 do 
not believe it, for 1 examined his body myself, and know 
that he liad not l)een killed that morning. 'Idiere was 
uo visil)l(» wound on his body, and, if I judge his nature 
l)v that of the other (^d)ans whom the army learned to 
know, I am forced to bcdieve that he must have died a 
natural and peaceful death. He certainly was not the 
Spanish guerrilla. 

Notwithstanding the order of " Silence in the ranks," 
the men still failed to be seriously impressed by the 
situation. As a matter of fact, it did not occur even to 
me, who was somewhat on the inside of affairs, that we 
were about to go into a fight. I made a trip back along 
the line as a matter of form, so that I might get some- 
thing to write about, nnd I found the men lolling on 
the grass with their guns lying carelessly beside them. 
Some of them had started to take off their blanket rolls, 
as they had done during previous halts for rest, but they 
were stopped by their officers. They were not talking 
of war, and they were not thinking of war. The heat 
was probably more dreadful now than it had been at any 
other time, and they discussed that. A private of B 
Troop said : 

" By God! how would you like a ' glass of cold beer' ?" 

96 



THE FIRST .SHOT. 

Tlio mon rosontod it as a particularly aggravating sug- 
gest ion, and tossed bits of stick and stone at him. One 
man blew a putty ball at him. All the way down on the 
transport, this man had carried his tiny tin blow-gun for 
the (■.\as[)eration of his friends, and the wad of putty was 
in his pocket and the little tin tube was sticking out of 
the breast of his blue shirt when, a couple of hours later, 
we found him lying (h'ad on tlic tichl. 

L 1'roop was two hundred yards in advance of us. 
C^iptain ('apron had deployed six men and himself two 
hundred yards in advance of it. 

When 1 returned to the colonel's group, he was telling 



a funny story. Xoarly everybody except Coh)nel AVoo<l 
and ( 'olomd Roosevelt was lying gasping in the grass. 
Roosevelt came over by me and we talked of a luncheon 
in the Astor House, Xew York, with Mr. Hearst, the pro- 
]u'i('toi- of the JoiiniaJ. T was very near to the barbed- 
wire fence. Roosevelt glanced towards it casually. The 
posts were standing, but the M-ire was down. He picked 
up one end of the strand. 1 noticed that he started as he 
looked at it. 

" My (lod! " he exclaimed, ''this wir<^ has been cut 
to-day," and he passed it over to me. 

I looked at it. 

"What makes you think so?" I asked. 

"The end is bright," he re])li('d. "'and there has lieen 

99 



THE STORY i)F Til hi KUUCiU KIDKKS. 

enough dew, even since sunrise, to put a light rust on it, 
had it not been lately cut." 

Just as he spoke, Surgeon La Motto l)Iunderod up the 
line on a mule, making much noise. Ivoosevelt jumped 
after him, and in urging him to keep quiet made more 
noise than he did. 

Then came the first shot. 



100 



CHAPTER VL 

THE HRST BATTLE. 

Tlic six mon who went in advance of L Troop were the 
iiirii at w4iom the first shot, and the ahnost immediately 
snecccding- first voUey, fired hy hind forces in the 
Spanish-American AVar, were directed. 

Tom Isbell, a fnll-blooded Cherokee Indian, went first 
at one side of the middle of the road. Captain Capron 
ke]>[ even with liim on tlu^ other. Private Cnlvcr was a 
few feet heliind on the h'ft flank in the bnshes, and I>ob 
Peniell was on the I'iiiht flank in the hnslies. Wyley 
Skehon, Tom Meaiilier, and vSer<;'eant liyrnes, who had 
l)(.(.ii a iiicnihcr of the Xew York ]iolice force, were 
spread ont about thirty feet apart. Some one had fired 
a shot in reply to that first one which came shriekinii' 
thronii'li the bushes, and, as ]n-()of of onr marksmanship, 
this little iiTouj) found a dead Spaniard lying- in the 
middle of the road. 1 have tried to find ont who fired 
this shot, bnt I have been nnable to do so. 

After that Tom Isbell saw a Spaniard, and cheerfully 
killed him. Then everythini;' opened np. 'i'he Sjwn- 
iards wei'e in force in the bushes, and Isbell went down 
with seven shots in him from their first volley. Xot five 
seconds elapsed before Captain Capron received his fatal 
wonnd. 

By this time the men had naturally ceased to advance 
101 



THE STOKY OF THE KOUGH RIDERS, 

as boldly as tliey had started to, and dropped behind 
what cover they could find. Culver, wlio was also an 
Indian, was on his face behind a rock. Sergeant Hamil- 
ton Fish rushed up to him in advance of the other men 
of L Troop, who were running forward into the fracas 
as rapidly as they could, and said : 

" Culver, have j'ou got a good place? " 

" Yes," replied Culver. 

Fish lay down beside him at the edge of the road and 
began firing as fast as he could. After four or five shots, 
lie gasped. 

" I'm wounded," said Fish. 

Culver replied b}' saying, '' I'm killed." 

They had been hit by the same bullet, and the cow- 
boy warrior and the dude soldier mingled their l)loo(l 
there in the Cuban trail. Fish died; Culver lived. 

The man to come up first, after Hamilton Fish, was 
Samuel Davis, known to the regiment as Cherokee Bill. 
He was s-tanding upright when he saw Fish shot, and had 
only time to look at him a second with wondering eyes, 
Avhen he went down Avith a crash himself. 

This, very briefly, tells the story of the gallant ad- 
vance guard of L Troop. They had gone into battle in 
a strange country. They had in their hands guns which 
they had never fired before. If they had ever done 
any fighting, it had been on horseback; but they were 
now dismounted. They were shooting at an enemy 
which used smokeless powder, and of which only one 
man was at any time visilde during that first skirmish. 
Some of them were college men who had never seen 
anything rougher than a football game, or a possible 

102 



THE FIKSr BAT'J'LE. 

prize fight. Tlioy liad boon fired upon l>y men who sliot 
to kill aiul without a seeoiKTs warniiii;-, hut uot one of 
them turned his face other than towards tlic front; not 
one of tlieni showed the slightest sign of cowardice. Two 
out of the seven were almost instantly killed, and the 
other five were badly wounded. But the uk'U who were 
wounded were glad of their wounds, and the num who 
died exulted because it was their proud privilege to be 
the first in the United States army, during this war, to 
perish for their country. 

In the meantime, back at the point where the little 
group of officers and Davis and myself had heard the \ 
first shot of the war fired, there was great rushing. 

This first shot had been fired by the Spanish pickets. 
AVood rushed forAvard far enough to become satisfied that 
it was Spanish, and not American, fire. He then re- 
turned to the head of the line and gave the order to 
" load cluunber and nuigaziue." Then he again ordered 
absolute silence in the ranks. 1 lia\-e since asked him 
if, while he was standing there, telling us that funny 
story which I have mentioned, he had lieen expecting 
that first sudden shot which so startled the rest of us. 
He told me that he had been expecting it momentarily 
for ten minutes, liecausc ( "a|ii'()n had told liim some time 
in advance of the evidences oi' Si)ani>li pi'esence, and liad 
said that while he marched he constantly expected the 
attack to l)egin. Tie felt as if something might drop 
upon his head any minute. 

Colonel Wood was as cool a man as ever I saw. Tie 
gave his orders with tlu' utmost calmness and showed 
then (indeed it was true of him throughout the battle) 

103 



THE STOKY OF THE ROUGH RIDERS. 

not one sign of nndiic excitement. Colonel Roosevelt, 
on tlie contrary, jnniped np and down, literally, I mean, 
with emotions evidenth' divided between joy and a 
tendency to rnn. The barbed-wire fence on the right 
of the bridle path was intact at first, bnt some of our 
men cut the strands with their wire nippers. Roose- 
velt picked np one of these strands, and looked at it 
curiously, as he had looked at the strand of the fence on 
my side of the trail. Wood ordered him to take Troop- 
G. K, and A into the tangle of bushes and creepers on 
the right, and ordered Troops 1), F, and E (]\[uller'.s 
troop in reserve) to deploy into the naturally open field 
which stretched beyond the tell-tale batbed-wirc* fcmce on 
the left. Perhaps a dozen of Roosevelt's num had ])assed 
into the thicket before he did. Then he stepped across 
the wire himself, and, from that instant, became the 
most magnificent soldier I have ever seen. Tt was as if 
that barl>ed-\vire strand had formed a dividing line in his 
life, and that when he stepped across it he left behind 
him in the bridle path all those unadmirable and con- 
spicuous traits which have so often caused him to be 
justly criticised in civic life, and found on the other side 
of it, in that Cuban thicket, the coolness, the calm judg- 
ment, the towering heroism, which made him, perhaps, 
the most admired and best beloved of all Americans in 
Cuba. 

For the next half hour I lost sight of Colonel Roose- 

, velt, and know what he and his men did only by hearsay. 

■ I know that they must have had a terril)le time as they 

beat into that jungle, and I know that Avhile they could 

not see the Spaniards, the Spaniards could plainly see 

104 



TIIK FIRST I'.ATTLE. 

them for tlicy had phiiiiu'd each iudividviars position 
so that the Americans, when they came, should be in im- 
intcrnii)lcd view. Il was the worst kind of guerrilla 
warfare. The fact that our men still failed to realize 
that the Spaniards were in Cuba, and were shooting at 
us t(. kill, is indicated by the other fact that, when 
withering tire struck Roosevelt and his men, they be- 
lieved that L Troop had made a blunder and w-as firing 
back at them. Tliis lielief was so strong that our men 




The Trail where Iht FigUt Oec/im. 

ceased firing into tlie thickets for fear of killiug ('apron's 
troopers, and slmuted out to tliem to stop shooting. A 
moment later, however, Cohniel Roosevelt liimself saw 
Spaniards in front <d' him and ordered liis men to again 
return the fire. By this time the ground over whicli 
his men marched was streAvn witli the empty shells of 
Spanish cartridges. Those troo})s did not again cease 
firing for fear that they were shooting into their own 
comrades. Tliey did not again doul>t tlie presence of the 
Spaniards, and the liougli TJiders realized at last that it 
was war. 

105 



THE STOEY OF THE BOUGH RIDERS. 

A very few minutes had passed before Colonel Roose- 
velt saw that it was impossible to carry his men further 
into the dense jungle, and he turned them to the left and 
worked back across the trail into more open country. 
While our men were still in some doubt as to the exact 
position of the Spaniards, the Spanish had ns in absolute 
range, and shot low and with 
excellent aim. The firing was 
rapid beyond anything which 
Y had occurred u]) to the tinu* this 

1^^^^^ turn was made, and our men Inul 

S^^B^^^^j^ to work their way lying ilat on 
-^^^^'Ifcl^^^r their faces. Even then the 

ly- Spanisli l)ullets struck some. 

r - - The little episode cost the 

;' Rough Riders nine men killed 

and wounded. 

One unfortunate fact in con- 
! nection with the failure to break 

through the thicket was that we 
were, of course, especially anx- 
ious to establish communication 
Avith General Young's lu'igade, 
which was marching up the valley, and which our men 
could plainly hear on the other side of that impassable 
thicket. They Avere evidently as hot at it as we were. 
ProbaVdy fifteen minutes had elapsed before communica- 
tion was finally In-ought aljout, and it then came tlirough 
the effort of K Troop. Xothing more astonishingly 
brave occurred during the entire war than the feat of 
the guidon-bearer who did this. Captain Jenkins had 

lOG 



THE FIRST BA'i'TLE. 

sent him to the top of a \K\vr little kiioU, and in- 
striic'tt'd liiui to wave his onidon niitil (ieneral Young's 
men saw it. 'Jlie Spaniards were in force just across the 
valley and within uood range of him, and they ])onred a 
merciless lire at him. lie paid no heed to it whatever, 
hnt Avalked erect and waved his little flag until an 
answering wave from Young's men told him that his 
signal had heen seen. Then he got quickly down and 
sensihly seuttled away like a crah. It is interesting to 
state that this man had once been a candidate for Con- 
gress. 

Another pleasing episode of this particular point of 
the hnltle is related l)y liichard Harding Davis, in his \ 
hook on "The Cuban and Porto Rico Campaigns" 
(Charles Scribner's Sons). He said : 

'' AVhile G Troop passed on across the trail to the 
left, I stopped at the place where the column had first 
halted — it had been converted into a dressing station, 
and the wounded of C Troop were left there in the care 
of the hospital stewards. A tall, gaunt young man with 
a cross on his arm was just coming back up the trail. 
His head was bent, and by some surgeon's trick he was 
advancing rapidly with great strides, and at the same 
tim(> cari'ving a wouiide(l man. mnch heavier than him- 
self, across his shoulders. As 1 stejijied out of the trail 
he raised his head, and smiled and nodded, smiling in 
the same cheery, confident way and moving in tliat same 
position. I know it could not have been under the same 
conditions, and yet lie was certainly associated with 
another time of exciteinent and rush and heat, and then 
I reniend)ered him. He had been covered with Idood 

107 



THE STORY OF THE liOUCiH KIDEKS. 

and dirt and perspiration, as lie was now, only then lie 
wore a canvas jacket and the man lie carried on his 
shoulders was trying to hold him back from a white- 
washed line. And I recognized the young doctor with 
the blood bathing his breeches as " Bob " C'liurch, of 
Princeton. That was only one of four badly wounded 
men he carried on his slioidders that day over a half-mile 
of trail that stretched from the firing line back to the 
dressing station, under an unceasing fire. And as the 
senior surgeon was absent, he had chief res})onsibility 
that day for all the wounded, and that so few of them 
died is greatly due to this young man who went down 
into the firing line and pulled them from it, and boi-c 
them out of danger." 

In the meantime I had gone down to the left with 
Colonel Wood and F and D Troo])s. The first wounded 
officer I saw was Captain James II. McClintock, of H 
Troop. lie was loaning propped up against the ti'ee 
on the backbone of the hill which was as clearly defined 
and l)are as the buttress of a cathedral. Two bullets 
liad met in his lower left leg and I have never seen a man 
suffer such pain as he did. ]\Ionths afterwards I saw 
him, the day after he was discharged from the hospital 
and from the army with a record of '' half-total disabil- 
ity." He seemed to be very cheerful that day at Las 
Guasinias, and was carefully explaining to Lieutenant 
Mchols that the place was altogether too hot for any 
man to stay in who was not obliged to. I shook hands 
with him and got his name and address, as I did of the 
otlier wounded, and asked him if there was anytlnng I 
could do for liim. 

108 



'INK I'llISr IIAI'TLK. 

"Not n (laiiiii tliiiiti'," said McC liiilock, ■■except, get 
out." 

Since then lie has told me about one of his troopers, 
who, after ^Ic( 'lintock had l)eeii forced to Viv down by 
exlumstion, cainc and lay close beside liini. lie talked 
cheerfully to him and ti-icd to keep his s])irits up. 

'■ You'd better iiet out of this," said McClintock. " It's 
too hot." 

"Don't worry, captain," the man replied, ■' I'm be- 
tween you and the tirinu' line.'' 

McClintoek, touched as he Avas by this exhibition of 
the man's devotion, still wanted him to i>-et away. lie 
uru'cd him to lea\'(' him. 'Ihc man refused. Finally 
Mc( 'liuto(d\: said : 

■' I am your ca])tain, and I order you to go; you are 
doing' no good to any but me, here; this is no place for 
a well man. I order you." 

Then the man had to tell. 

" I ain't no well man," he slowly admitted. " I'm 
shot." 

^' Where?" asked ^tcCdintock. 

"Oh! it's only a scratch." 

They lay there in silence for a long time. 

Tli(^ tiring began to come fi'om the left. The soldier 
worked his painful way around until he was again be- 
tween ]\lcClintock and the line of tire. .McClintock was 
too Aveak from loss of blood, even to sjieak. 

Then a hospital man came and lifted .Mc('lintock to 
carry him back. 

" Take him, too," McClintock managed to articulate. 

" !N"o use," said the hospital man; " he's dead." 

109 



THE STORY OF THE KOUGH lUDERS. 

Among all the men who faced the unknown perils of 
singing Mansers, there were no signs of fear. They 
went into that field of battle almost as they had gone 
into that transport at Tampa — as if it were a ])icnie, a 
summer's holiday among the towering palms. x\.nd 
there was nothing in the aspect of the scene to disabuse 
them of this idea. They could look down the green 
slope toward the incline on the other side, and see noth- 
ing hostile. Nothing stirred. Not an enemy was in 
sight. There was no smoke, nor any other visil)le sign 
of battle. And yet from iio\\lici-c caiiic the shi'ioking 
little Mausers, and from oAerywhere we heai'd the pop- 
ping of the guns that sent them. When yon coudun.-^ 
smokeless powder with a carefully jn-earrangcd ambusli 
which hides from view every man who fires it, the fight 
becomes uncanny. The setting was fitter for a fete 
champetre than for a battle. 

This had its strange effect uj>on the men, but did uot 
cow them. There were no ])anic-stricken ones then or 
at any time during that day, so far as I know, although 
there was much reason for being panic-strick(Mi. I 
thought only once that I had found a coward. I stopped 
a man who was limping quickly back, and asked him 
why. He threw at me a new oath, in wishing that I 
might be " double-damned," and raised his carbine over 
me with the plain intention of l)eating out my brains. 
He then explained that he had torn the sole off one of 
his shoes and could not go farther forward because of the 
penetrating thorns which were under foot. Together 
we found a dead man, and took from one of his feet the 
shoe. I helped fasten it on the living myself, as I had 

110 



THE FIRST BATTl.E. 

liclped to take it fr<»m the dead. Tlio dead man was 
Marcus Russell, of I roj, N. Y. Who the li\inu man 
was, 1 do not know. 1 only know tluit, as soon as he had 
his shoe, he ran back toward where the firiiii;' was again, 
much more rapidly than I could. 

I soon rejoined Colonel AVood. IV o man has ever 
made a finer spectacle in battle than he did that day. 
He went well in advance of his own men, and had led his 
horse into the field. He stood leaning against its sorrel 
side with what seemed like absolute indifference, and the 
side he leaned against was the outside. He had taken a 
natural breastwork into the field with him, but he 
scorned to use it. 

I shall never forget how he looked as he stood there 
with his face burned to a brown, which was almost like 
that of the Khaki uniform he wore. His sandy mus- 
tache, too, had been grizzled by the sun until it fitted 
into the general harmony of tone, and he stood there 
brave and strong, like a statue in light bronze. The 
Cuban grass reached almost to his waist. Tlun-e was not 
a breath of air, and yet the grass abont him nio\cd. once, 
slowly, as if a breeze were blowing it. At first I had 
no right idea of what had caused this, but presently the 
thonght came to my mind that it might be bullets. And 
then I realized that (*olonel \\'oo(|. furnu'ng, with his 
horse, the most conspicuous item in the view before the 
Spaniards, was naturally the target for all the bullets 
they could shoot. It was the effect of volleys fired from 
Spanish trenches and from the bnsh across the valley 
that made the grass wave abont his feet. T realized it 
slowly. He knew it from the start. That he escaped 

111 



THE .STOKV Ob' THE KOLUUl 1UJ)KKS. 

iiiiscatlied, was oxtraurdiiiary. JJut that he stood there 
without the (|iuver of a iniiscle, without the tremble of 
a secoiurs worry, was not less than wonderful, lie had 
left a wife and a fauiily of little ones in AVashington, 
and, of course, he wanted to return to theni. The cer- 
tainty that he would he advanced, with or without honor- 
winning battles, was absolute. Yet lie stood there in the 
battle wdiicli be bad sought himself, and never stirred a 
finger. And be stood on tbo outside of bis sorrel liorse. 
It cannot be that that man faib'd to remeudx'i- th;il nil 
good tilings were behind him, where peace and ([uiet 
w^ere, and he knew tbat tbere were aliead of him only 
worry and strain and possible death. Men wdio had 
already been bit were near him, and he could see their 
red pools of blood from where he calmly stood. lie 
played the bigiiest stake that man can offer against the 
lienor which be won that day, and if fate did not win 
her wager, it was not the other gambler's fault. 

I watched him — fascinated. 

And tben I turned away to watch tlie men wdiom be 
commanded. An officer bad walked into the field with 
me and gone back to encourage a wounded man. From 
across tbe valley the enemy marked him, and the " zeu," 
" zeu," " zeu," of tbe bullets going over his head, and tbe 
" zip," " zip," " zip," of the bullets going into the grass 
at his feet, were as frequent as tbe raindrops wbicb bad 
beaten on tbe garret roof above liini when be was a 
l)a1)y. He bad exposed himself recklessly, but, like 
Colonel Wood, be escaped without a scratch. 

I asked Colonel Wood afterwards about bis sensations 
when be stood on the battlefield in front of bis borse. 

113 



■I'llK FIRST ISA'ITI.E. 

lie said that lie was uiifoi'luiiati'ly situated, hceaiiso he 
^vas ahnost the onlv man in the regiment whu liad noth- 
ing to do. All he could accouiplisli was to make the 
men lielieve liini to he perfeetly cool. As a matter of 
fact, he said he appreciated his danger and his nnnd 
was i\\h'(\ with regrets over the fact that he had not taken 
ont $100,<H)0 life insurance, for he had no idea that he 
would survive tlie l)attle. He had given his troop oiii- 
cers careful instructions before they went into the tiglit, 
and as they went in had assured himself that they under- 
stood their orders and were cool enongli to carry them 
ont. 

This one episode deserves some comment. 1 was 
standing by Colonel Wood, as Captains Llewellyn and 
Huston passed into the battlefield. Wood stopj)ed each 
of them, and indulged in airy persiflage, which I thought 
was irrelevant and nnthonghtfnl at the time. Llewellyn 
was cari'ving a pick-axe on his shoulder, for no reason 
whatever. Huston was carrying a shovel. AVood 
stop)>ed them both and joked them about their collection 
of agricultural implements. 'I'lien he said: 

•• What are you going into the tight to do^ To dig 
holes in the ground? " 

Xeither man could answer. They had picked these 
things up, as Roosevelt had picked u]) the two shovels, 
which he had tied to the pommel of his saddle. They 
said they didn't know what they had them for, and they 
undoubtedly spoke the truth. Wood then worked around 
in a joking way. until he got l)oth these men to repeat 
to him the orders which they had received before 
they had started. He explained to me in Washington. 

115 



THE STORY OF THE ROUGH RIDERS. 

what I did not understand at Quasi mas — that this whole 
conversation was carried out for the purpose of making 
them repeat their orders unconsciously, so that he would 
know for certain that they understood what they were 
to do. 

Before I left Tam})a, I had been ignominiously 
thrown from a fractious horse, and had sprained my 
elbow. My left arm was not strong enough to hold my 
notebook^- ajid-so I rested it against a palm tree. The 
fact that Spanish guns were firing at us was impressed 
upon my mind by the triplicated " chug " of bullets 
striking against this tree. It was too small to offer much 
protection, and it was the biggest thing in sight. Oc- 
casionally I saw in the long grass, as I surveyed the field, 
an indentation which showed where a man had fallen 
in fighting for his country, or was lying down in order 
that he might fight well. Aside from those indenta- 
tions, and aside from the solemn figures of Wood and 
another officer or two, outlined above the dun-brown of 
the Cuban grass, there was nothing to indicate to the 
visual sense that fighting was going on. Orally there 
was much evidence. Riclxard Harding Davis was over 
to my right with L Troop, and pumping wildly at 
the Spaniards with a carbine. I had the only smokeless 
powder revolver cartridges which were in the army in 
Cuba. They had been given to me, at Tampa, by Sir 
Bryan Leighton, of the British army. They were known 
as " man stoppers," and I knew that they would not 
carry more than 400 yards. The Spaniards were at 
least 600 yards away, and yet I fired cheerfully in their 
direction. I presume those bullets are lying imbedded 

116 



IIIK I'lKSI' JJATI'LK. 

in the ground, t^oiiicwlici'c belwcrii the linos, wliilo T am 
writing this. 

I heard a man ervinii' out. 1 turned and saw him; I 
had seen him before, and tlien he had l»een tiring as fast 
as his new gun wonld work. ^o\v he was on the verge 
of sobs. I ran up to iiim and asked him if he was Imrt. 

"Hurt? Xo," he exclaimed, "but my leg's asleep 
and I can't get up, and my gun's jammed. Gi' me a 
gun! Can't ye gi' me a gun?" 

It was at ahout tins lime that we actually saw the 
Spaniards for the first time. Although we had forced 
them to fall back nearly half a mile, they had ke])t so 
thoroughly under cover that our men had rarely had 
anything other than a movement in the long grass, or 
some suspicious A\-aving of the shrubs and bushes to fire 
at. One body of about 300 men, plainly panic-stricken, 
broke from their cover at last and started to run away 
from us like rabbits. AVitli a wild whoop, the men of 
i) Trooji (.peued fire on them at Captain Huston's 
orders, anil we could plainly see that the aim was good, 
for half a do/.en Spaniai'ds drop]ie(l as the first volley 
was sent into them. 

Colonel Wood jumjied over from where he had been 
standing aiul shouted, with all the force he could put 
into his voice: 

" Don't shoot at retreating men." 

But it was the first good chance our uumi had had at 
the Spaniards, and the colonel's voice was drowned by 
the noise of firing. They kei^r on shooting. lie called 
Trum]ietor Cassi to him and had him blow ' cease fir- 
ing " ou his bugle. Finally our men stopped. 

117 



THE STORY OF THE ROUGH RIDERS. 

AVood lately made this point clear to me in Washing- 
ton. It pnzzled me on the battlefield. When he or- 
dered ns to stop firing at retreating men, I thought that 
he had made a serious mistake. I stood verv near to 
liini and saw that the Spaniards were completely de- 
moralized by the beginning of onr fire, and saw that after 
its cessation they quickly rallied. I thought that he 
had been wrong in ordering our firing stopped at all, aud 
have twice made the statement in print that he uiadc 
a mistake in stopping this firing. He has since told me 
what I did not dream of at the time — that he was ex- 
pecting a flanking attack from a body of Spaniards who 
were trying to reach our rear, and that because of this 
contemplated struggle with attacking men, he (li<l not 
wish oi;r men to waste their somewhat scanty aiiimuui- 
tion on men who were already running away. it is 
interesting to note that it was a shot from this hudy 
which was trying to flank us which afterw^ards laid me 
low. 

Strange things ha])pen on the l)attlefield. For in- 
stance : 

Two wounded men were lying under a tree, waiting 
for the first-aid men to come and dress their hurts. I 
went over to them to get their names, and, just as I ap- 
proached, one of them swung his foot so that it struck the 
other in the mouth. They had both been shot and the 
Mausers were shrieking over them. Yet instantly they 
forgot the battle with the Spaniards, and had one between 
themselves. Bloody and hot, they clinched, and I pre- 
sume they fought it out. I went on to another point. 

I saw many men shot. They never failed to fall in 
118 



TUK FIRST BAril.K. 

littlo heaps with instaiitancous tlaccidiTV of muselos. i 
There were no i>ratliial (li(i|»i»ings on one kiice, no men 
w h(. slowly fell while struggling to keep stiuuling. There 
were ni» cries, 'i'iie injured ones did not throw hands ni> 
and fall dramatically hackward with strident cries and 
stiffened legs, as woniide(l heroes fall upon the stage. 
They fell like clods. Two things sur})rised me al><>iit 
these episodes. One was the strange noise whicli soldier., 
in their tra])])ings make as they go down. It is always 
the same. It is a conihination n{ the metallic jingle ol 
canteens and gnns, and the singular, thick tluul of a fall- 
ing human body. I cannot quite describe it, but it will 
always be in my ears, whenever I think of Las Guasimas. 
Even stranger than the sound of the soldier's fall is 
the " chug " of the bullet which strikes him. One 
would not naturally expect a bullet to make much noise 
when it hits a man. As a matter of fact, this noise is 
])laiiily audible at 100 feet, and I have heard it at twice 
that distance. It is not a i)leasant sound, for after one 
has heard it once, its significance becomes gruesome. Tt 
is not nnlike the noise made l)y a stick when it sti-ikes 
a carpet which is being beaten. 

Still another strange thing is the fact that only the 
useless bullets seem to sing. Those which fly over your 
head and which ])ass yon at the side make a queer little 
noise entirely nnlike the whimper of the Clinic balls 
of the Civil AVar, as it has been described to nn^. 'i'he 
Mauser's noise, as nearly as T can indicate it in print, is 
like " z-z-z-z-z-eu." It begins low, goes uj) high, and then 
drops, and stops suddenly on the "en." P>ullets which 
strike in foliage combine a curious little " ping " with 

119 



THE STORY OF THE ROUGH RlDEJtS. 

the "zip " of the parting leaves; but the hiiUets which 
strike men make no noise at all until llicy hit them. 
They go silently, grimly to their mark, and when they 
hit it, the man is lacerated and torn, or, very likely, dead. 

There is something which is particularly solemn and 
awe-inspiring about the death of men npon the battle- 
field. Before Las Guasimas, as a newspaper man, I had 
seen death in many of its most dreadful forms. 1 had 
seen men die gently in their beds, surrounded and petted 
and coddled by anxious friends, and worked over by 
physicians, who found pretty problems of strange mi- 
crobes to solve while they were dying. \ had twice 
seen death in railroad accidents, once at St. Thomas, 
Canada, and once in Wales. 1 had seen the death df a 
maniac, whose distorted mind, in dying, craved only to 
kill another. I had seen the death of a murderer sui- 
cide, who cast himself into hell from the elevated rail- 
way structure in Xew York. I had seen the death of 
two criminals on the scaifold, and another in the electric 
chair, and I had learned to look at death, as a newsj^aper 
man does — as an interesting thing to watch — and write 
about. 

But I had never seen any death like that of those men 
who dropped in the long grass, on the hill of Las Guasi- 
mas. I almost forgot, for a moment, that T was there 
to see things which I must afterwards describe. I had 
never seen that regiment until the day before, but I felt 
that every man who was hit was my personal friend, and 
there was nothing professional in the interest which T 
took in each one of them. 

Xothing had ever, and nothing ever will again, 

120 



'I'llK FIKST JJAI'I'l.E. 

impress mc as ditl the silent piitienee, the quiet, calm 
eiulurance, with which those men — heroes all — accepted 
their suticrini;', and ii(»tliinu' has ever seemed grander to 
me, more licautit'ul, or more suhlime, tlian the deaths 
of some of them. Koiii;h men they were, \vh(j had come 
ont of the AVest to fight; bnt if a great chnrcli organ had 
heen pealing on that hillside, if softened lights had been 
falling on those faces, throngli stained-glass windows, 
devontly patterned, if the rohes and insignia of the most 
solemn and holy of all the rites of all the churches had 
surrounded them, I could not have heen more impressed 
than T was when I looked down into the rusty swaying 
grass of that Tuhan hillside, and saw the dirty, sweaty 
faces, the I'ongh and rugged elin('he(l fists, the ragged 
uniforms of our American soldiers — dying. 



121 



CHAPTER VII. 

DEATH AND SUFFERING. 

There may be those who will think that, in devoting 
three chapters to the battle of Las Gnasinias, I am giving 
it too mnch space. I have heard it called a skirmish, 
bnt, if it was a skirmish, then I wish never to see a 
battle. It was of paramount importance in the war, and 
it w^as of special interest to the people who read this 
book. For it was almost wholly a Rough Riders' bat- 
tle. The only other men engaged were the few troojis of 
the First and Tenth Cavalry, and their loss was veiy 
small. 

At about the time when I was shot. Colonel AVood 
ordered all of his men forward, stretched ont in a long 
line which was ridiculously thin for the work it had to 
do. The body of retreating men whom he had forbid- 
den his soldiers to fire on had turned, as I have said, and 
poured a bitterly galling fire at the Rough Riders. 
When they saw our men still hurrying toward them, 
despite their recurring orders, they turned and ran again. 
Young's brigade was doing effective fighting on the 
right, and the Rough Riders had about half a mile to 
carry on the center and on the left, before the Spaniards 
must give up their strong positions. We had worked 
down into the shallow valley, and had reached the begin- 
ning of the slight ascent on its other side. The ground 

122 



DKA'I'll AM) SUFFERING. 

was almost entirely open now, aiid our men were al)- 
solutely exposed to the tire of the Siniiiiiirds, while they 
were still well hichh'ii hy tlie trees and in an old Imild- 
ing which lim! ;il one time liccii used as ;r distillerv. 
This was v(M-y pro])erly eonsidered to he tlie Spaiuards' 
most imjiortant ])osition, and hoth Colonel Wood and 
CV")loncl Koo^c\'clt tui'iic(l tli(Mi' particnlar attention to- 
wai'd it. 'idle hullcts ])oni'cd in cN-en faster than they 
liad l)(d'ore, and at a rate wlucdi, Aiaj(n' Brodie tells in(\ 
has not heen eqnalled in the history of warfare. The 
strenuth of onr reiiinient had l>een sadly depleted hy 
the loss of the men alrea<ly killed and woundc(l, and an 
uncanny nundjer of Manser hnllets found their Aniei-- 
ican billets, as onr men broke and eharged on the old 
distillery. 

It had been ])redicted in AVashington, by the reg'nlar 
ofHeers aronnd the War Department, that the great and 
serions diffienlty of a regiment like the Rongh Tliders, 
Avonld be that they would not wait for the eoinniand to 
fire, i»ut would shoot as eacdi individual thought host to 
shoot. Tiegidar army otfie, rs, inde((l, in Washingt<ni, at 
d'ampa. and the day li(d'oi'e at |)ai(iuiri and Siliouey, 
had expressed the gravest doul»t< as to the nsefnlness of 
the Rongh Riders. They had said that they would lack 
disei]dine. .\s a matter of faet, when tluy made this 
terrible charge they -howed hetter discipline than the 
regnlar troops showed, I am told, at the charge on San 
Tnan Hill a few days later. There was very little scat- 
tered firing. The men invariably waited for the com- 
mand, and obeyed it hy tiring \"olleys. On one occasion. 
when the noise of Spain>h ritles was so gnnit that L 

12:; 



THE STORY OF THE HOUdll RIDERS. 

Troop could not hear its officers shout, J^ienteiiant Day 
had to pass down the line, striking' his men witli liis hat, 
in order to make them know what he wanted. 

It was in the charge toward the oh! distiUei'v that 
Major Brodie was wonnded. \\) to liiat iime he liatl 
shown himself to be absolntely fearless, and liad failed 
to seek cover, even when it was at hand. The huUet 
hit him in his outstretched forearm, and its teri'ihc force 
was indicated 1)V the fact that it spun iiiiu about h'ke a 
top before he fell in a hea]i. It is curious tliat no mat- 
ter where a man was hit by a Manser bullet — even if 
the wound was in some part (piite i-eniote from vital, 
like the wrists or fingers, or feet — he always went down 
quick and limp, as a very wet rag might fall. Fre- 
qnently men who were, a couple of minutes later, cpiite 
strong enough to stand u]) and walk, or even go l)ack to 
their work on the firing line, went down in this way 
when they were shot. I have heard surgeons discuss it, 
and they say that it is due to the tremendous nervous 
shock which such a liigli-s])eed projectile commnnicates 
from the point of impact to the nttermost limits of the 
body. All nervous force is, for the moment, jiaralyzed, 
and the muscles become absolutely lini]). 

C^olonel AVood descril)e(l to me Brodie's action at the 
time he was shot: 

"Brodie had not the least idea that he could be hit 
by a mere Spaniard," said General AVood. " I shall 
never forget his expression of amazement and anger as 
he hopped down the hill on one foot with th(^ other held 
in the air, before he fell. lie came toward me, shout- 
ing: 

124 



di':ati( axd suffering. 

'''(Jrcul Scoit, foloiu'l, llu-y'vc hit ine! ' 

" It was plain to sec that lie considered the wound an 
iiiiw arranlalilc liliciMv." 

('oldiicl K(Misc\cir> (■>('ai»c iVdiii injury was not less 
rcniarkalilc than thai nf ( 'oloiicl W'immI. wliich 1 have 
already descrihiMh I, ike Wdod and Umdic. he scorned 
cover, although he insisted that his uicii shoidd protect 
tlieniseh'es as w(>ll as th<'_v couhl, ainh at one time, when 
he was Ic^aniuii' aiiaiiist liie ^i(h' ot a pahii tree, with hi> 
head nonchalantly resting against its hark, a huUet 
struck close liy his elieek. and tilled his eyes with dust 
and splinlei's. 

('hanipiieys Alai'^liall was shot thi'ough his sleeve and 
through his shirt; (Ji'cenway was siiot through his shiii 
across the hreast; (_'<doi--Sergeant AVright was hlistered 
three times on the neck hy clo?e ])assing hullets, and, 
after the engagement, found four hullet holes in the 
flag he carried. A strange wound was that of Thomas 
AV. AViggins, whose cartridge belt was hit. The ^^a^ser 
must have cli])]ied just along the top ot" his cartridges, 
so as to toncli the pin tire, for half a dozen (d them ex- 
]tlode(l, and his lower legs wei'c well-nigh shot to ])ieces 
liy his own hullets. After he was wounded, he went off 
into a series <d' faints, hut, hetween them, he continnally 
called to Captain McClintock offers (d' help. 

Fdmer TT. TTawley went into battle smoking his pipe 
like a chimney. Tie stopped smoking when a bullet 
took the bowl off. 

In an interview, after Colonel Roosevelt returned to 
Xew York, he told these stories: 

" At Las Guasimas, as brave a man as there was, was 
125 



THE STOllY OF THE ROUGH RIDERS. 

Tom Isbell — the Indian. He was shot four times, bnt 
continued fighting. Corporal George II. Seaver was 
shot in the hip when we were in a pretty hot corner. 
After a minute, he sat up; we propped liim behind a 
tree, and gave him his ritle and canteen, lie continued 
firing until we charged forward and left him. i su])- 
posed him to be mortally wounded, aud liiid liiui sent 
to the hospital, but to my surprise he turned u|.) in camp 
a week or two later, having walked the five oi- six miles 
from the hospital. 

"Another man, named Ivowlajid, a cow-puiiclicr fVoin 
Santa Fe, was shot in the side. lie k('])t ou the liring 
line until I noticed the blood on him, and scut him to the 
hospital. He returned to the front in about fifteen 
minutes and stayed with us until the end of the fight. 
He was then sent to the rear hospital and told that he 
nuist 1)0 shipped North. He escaped that night, and 
walked out to the front to join us, and was by my side 
during all the Santiago fighting." 

Richard Harding Davis tells of J^ieutenant Thomas, 
after he was wounded. Davis and others started to carry 
him into the shade. He was in terrific ])ain, and his 
cowboy companions had stopped the flow of blood only 
by means of rude tourniquets made of twigs and hand- 
kerchiefs, but he protested loudly that he wished to be 
carried to the front. Davis records the remark which he 
made just before merciful unconsciousness gave him 
ease : 

" For God's sake take me to the front," he begged. 
" Do you hear me? I order you; damn you, I order — we 
must give them hell; do you hear? we must give them 

136 



DEATH AND SUFFKKING. 

hell. Tlu'V li;i\(' killed (';t[in»ii; lliey li;ive killed tiiy 
cai)tinn/' 

'idle iiiDst nstoiiisliiiii;' wound received in this war, or 
in any other war, was that of l)a\id Iv W'art'ord in the 
i>attlc(d' Las (Jnasiniai^. The linllcl hit him in the nut- 
side of the riiiht thiuli, and, strikiiiii' I lie hone, (•arr(»nie(l 
u]). l*'or s()nu> unaeeountahle reason it then went ai-ross 
his body, throuah his intestines, and then dnwu ihrouc;h 
the left thiii'li, where it made a Wdund n\' cxii [irecisely 
opposite to its wound of entrance on the other thiuh. 
Thus Warford was sup{)osed to have been shot through 
hotli thiiihs when the suriieoiis found a wound of en- 
trance on his right thigh and a wound ui' exit on his left 
thigh, until they discovered that there were no wounds 
at all on the inside of his thighs. The extraordinary 
trick of the bullet was only figured out after Warford 
had been taken to the hospital ship. 

Another amazing wound was that received by I^ornian 
L. Ornie. Xo one knows who shot Orme, for his wound 
was made by a bullet from a Tvemington rifle, and it 
is not supposed that any of the American or Spani-h 
troo})s were armed with R(nningtons. The bullet made 
eight wounds in him. 'Idiis was owing to the cramped 
position in which he held his gun when he was shot. 
The shot first passed through the left forearm, making 
two wounds, then tlirough the left upper-arm, two more 
wounds, then through the body, two more wounds, and 
then through the i-ight up])cr-anii, making I he last two 
of the eight. 

An interesting little point told to me bv Taptain ^Fc- 
Clintock is that ("lifton ( '. Middleton had i^one to him 



THE STORY OF THE EOUGH EIDERS. 

before the battle began and aniioiiiiced that he, IMiddh^- 
ton, would certainly be shot before it was over. '' 1 am 
snre to be wonnded," said Middleton. " All my people 
were killed in their farndic )use by Indians, and 1 shall 
die the same way." He was shot, bnt was not killed, I 
think. 

It wonld be unfair to omit from (his chapter a para- 
graph al)out the superb work of the surgeons. Surgeon 
Church, especially, distinguished himself. Before I was 
shot I saw him running along with his surgeon's packet 
on the very firing line, and attending prom])tly i'> all 
the wounded he could find, without paying the least at- 
tention to his own safety as he did so. In one case, 
where the fire was so hot that every man in the neigh- 
borhood was lying flat on his face to avoid it, Chni-ch 
knelt at the side of a wounded man and made himself 
a shining mark for Spanish bullets without hesitation. 

And here I have an opportunity of ]iaying a 
slight tribute to one of the bravest men I ever 
knew. His name is George W. Burgess. Burgess 
was with D Troop and enlisted in Oklahoma. Xo one 
detailed him to do first-aid duty diu'ing the battle 
of Las Guasimas, or at any other time. Pie has the 
quiet blue eyes and the thin straight lips of the gen- 
tleman desperado whom Bret Harte wrote about. I 
don't believe that anything on earth could frighten 
him, nor do I believe that, in any emei'gency, his voice 
would rise above a calm and quiet drawl. Before 
I fell into the long grass, I saw Burgess standing 
up when others were lying down, and running along 
the firing line with his brown red-crossed first-aid 

138 



' £^^jyi/ ■' 



S 




.^-^^ 



Captain McClintock wounded at Las Guasimag. 



DEATH AND SQFFPJKING. 



poucli. Soniotimos he "would stop nnd inko a shot 
at the Sjtaiiiarcls, "just for hell," :is he said, but 
uiost of tlic lime lie was Imsv with men wlio had been 
Avoundcd and were Ivini;- in danucrons j)lafes. There 
was one man in this liattic who took advantage of his 
first-aid poueh to stav in the rear wdicre comparative 
safety was, and wasted much good time in too elal»orately 
dressing the wounds of men wdio had been braver than 
himself. Burgess made his red cross an excuse for plac- 
ing himself in extraordinary dangers. He was the first 
man to come to me, and the other day lu; 
gave to me the little liask from which ho 
had adndnistered the ammonia which re- 
stoi'ccl ni<» to consciousness. 1 know that 
when he stood over me looTTiug kindly 
down and telling me that he did not think 
it was worth his while to dress my w^ound, 
because he and the surgeons considered 
that it could not be otherwise than mortal, 
the bullets were flying about him as thicd-cly 
as they ever flew about anyone. I can i-emendiei- dis- 
tinctly how the \dlh'ys sounded as they swept over my 
face, and 1 know that 1, who was lying down, shrank 
and shivered as they shrieked their devilish little songs, 
while Burgess stood there calm and (|uiet, and told me 
softly and symitathetieally that he was extremely sorry 
for me. He added, with something of contcmjit, that it 
was a damned shame that I was only a correspondent. 
Then he started on a run for another wounded man who 
was nearer to the front than I was, and who was prob- 
ably lying under a hotter fire than I was. Xot two 




Ammonia Fla^k. 



THE STORY OF THE ROUGH RIDERS. 

iiiiiiTitcs had elapsed before lie came back to me, still 
running, and asked me if I did not want to Ix; carried to 
the shade. 

I had had a sunstroke when I Avas a boj, and J had 
been hopini;- that I might be sparetl another one, al- 
though I greatly feared it. It seemed to me that as 
long as I had a Mauser bullet in me, it would be nice; to 
die respectably of my wounds iiuder ihe shade of a tree 
that L could see as I lay, instead of staying out Ihei'c iu 
the blistering long grass and dying of sunstroke. So 1 
told Burgess that I should be very glad to be taken 
to the shade. 

lie took me there. 

Afterwards when 1 found that he was suffering from 
an intensely painful case of water on the kneecap, I won- 
dered at his strength. 

lie dropped me under the shade of t hat tree as if I had 
been.a hot ])otato, and muttering wild and Western oaths, 
he s})ed desperately to the front, which had in the mean- 
time advanced many yards. 

That was the last I saw of Burgess until the battl(> 
was over. He was a brave man. 

And while the heroic work of our soldiers ceased when 
the battle ended, the heroic work of our surgeons and 
their assistants w^ent on all that afternoon and all that 
night. The field hospital was established at about the 
j)lace where Hamilton Fish had been shot. Tlie- regi- 
ment moved on to camp, l)ut its wounded w(M'(^ taken 
back to form a little grou]) under the slielt(M-ing shade 
of a mango tree tliere in the Avilderness. Ca])tain Mc- 
Clintock lay near where 1 lay, and Major Brodie somc- 

133 



DKAIil AND SUI'TEKING. 

times lay, somotimos sat, and sometimes "walked painfully 
about lis, iiiirsiiiii- his shattered arm. I do not think that 
iiiivdiic \\;is ilici-c except the R(iui;li lvi<h'rs, but some of 
tlic wouiuhMl t'l'dtii tlio First and Tenth ('a\'alry may 
have been broUiiht up. 

I Avas taken away from this hospital very late in the ^ 
afteriKioii. ^lost of the others hiy there all iiit;lit, and 
\v]ieii dawn eaiiie, a little row of eiiilit dead men who ha<l 



^;^"' 




been can'ied from aiiioiii;' them lay stai'k and uhastlv on 
the slo|)e (if a kiioll to one side. It is, perhaps, well here 
to retei- once and for all to an extremely disasireeablc 
snbjeet. 

d'lie land crabs and tlieir attendinu' hoi'rors, the Cu- 
ban \nltni-e<. wi-(.ni:lit terrible mutilations ou our dead 
that (lay. and after sneceedini:,- battles, and there is no 
doubt that sevei-al of our wounded wei'e killed by them 
while tluy lay waitino- for treatment. 

There were probably twenty of us in that lield hospi- 
133 



THE STORY OF THE ROUGH RIDERS. 

tal. It had not even a tent to cover it, but the men were 
well sheltered beneath the spreading branches of the 
mango tree. A few had blankets to lie upon, but most 
of us were protected from the wet grass only by the 
canvas halves of shelter tents. 

Up to this time, the men had stood their suffering 
with cool patience and without comment, but now there 
Avere a few whose nerA'es were so strained and i-acked 
that they could no longer control themselves, and they 
groaned uncannily. Some terrible operations wer(^ per- 
formed in that little hospital in the woods. " Jjob " 
Church was there, and the other surgeons, and th(>y were 
working with an energy tliat could have been boi-ii «>idy 
of desperation. Church, I remeud)er, had cut the 
sleeves out of . his shirt, and liis arms were as red as if 
they had been (li])])ed in ckn'ct. Indeed all the sur- 
geons were literally soaked in blood. 1 remend>er that 
Church kneeled close to me at oufi time and my hand 
touched his trousers. It canu^ away with a bright red 
stain. The medical staff was straining evei-y nerve to 
prepare the wounded for the journey to Siboney. 

I described in Scrihnerls Magazine, for September, 
1808, an episode which occm-red at this time. A couple 
of months later I received a letter from a man who was 
there when I was, which said that he remembered no 
such incident. It seemed almost too pretty to be true, 
and for a time after I had read his letter I doul)ted my 
own memory and thought this might have been one of 
the vain imaginings which continually beset me in those 
hard hours. Since then, however, I have seen Ca])tain 
McClintock in New York. He was very near to me 

134 



DEATH AM) SUFFERING. 

that di\Y, and ho iviueiiibercd the incident as well as I 
did. 1 shall, therefore, describe it briefly here. 

We luiil Ih'vw doin^- what Ave could \i> keep our spirits 
up. Most of us were badly hurt, and cheerfulness was 
dillicult to bring about. Death stared some of us in our 
faces, and other men were contemplating amputation of 
their arms or legs with what courage they could summon. 
AVc wci-c doing vcrv little talking. I was simply wait- 
ing fur the end. 

With a suddenness that startled all of us, some one 

began to sing: 

'■ Ml/ country, His of thee, 
Sweet land of lihertij, 
Of thee ire .sing.''' 

McC'lintock and 1 joiued in: 

" Land irhere oar fatlwrs died, 
Land of the Pilgrims' pride — " 

The strangely 1rend)ling song went on. It had its 
quivering interruptions of pitiful groans, and some of 
those who sang, sang jerkily, because they were in mortal 
pain. l)Ut we were a doleful litth' group of hurt Amer- 
icans, off there under a tree, in the midst of the Cuban 
solitude, and nothing seemed so dear to us, just then, 
as the homes which wo might never see again and the 
c( .untry which some of us had left behind forever. Trob- 
ably no song was ever sung more earnestly; certainly no 
words wer(^ ever uttered which cost more eff<u't to some 
(d" us than tho-e did. 

I5y and by 1 uotit-ed that there was one voice which 
135 



THE STORY OF THE HOUGH EIDERS. 

faltered and lagged behind. Indeed I did not hear it 
until all the rest of us had finished with the line: 

'■ Let freedom ringy 

Then slowly, strugglingly, and faint, it went on: 

' ' Land — of — the — Pilgrims' — pride — 
Let freedom " 

And that last word was a man's last word. And one 
more son had died as died the fathers. 



136 



CHAPTER VIIL 
AFTER LAS GUASIMAS. 

Af[(M- tlu' battle came the reaction. Unman nerves 
which had been screwed np to the ]>(>int wliich those of 
the Rough Riders liad reached and held durinii- those 
terril)l(' lionrs wlicn they were in tliat h)ng grass and 
among those bnshes, mnst, of necessity, relax and h-avc 
thcnr owners weak. The regiment marched nix nit two 
and a half mih's forwai-d and tntliclcfi of tlicspot where 
the battle liad begun, and went into camp. It wasn't 
mncli of a cam]). 'I'hc moi'ning's woi'k ]i;id tii'cd tlicm 
loo coni|»lclcly- oilicci's mid men aliki — to Id tlic idea 
of es1;d>lishing an clalioi-atc camp seem rcas(Hialil('. 
AVood and IiooscNT'lt were glad ciiongli to relax <bsci- 
pline to >ome extent, and tliey <lid not I'oi'ce the men 
to pnt np their slieltei- tents. 'I'liose who wante(| to, lay 
in tlie shade and took long, gratcd'nl whitl's of the hot 
air, which seemed cool in iheii- inaction after tlie terrible 
exertions of the morning. As a matter of fact, most of 
the men had no shelter tents to i»iil np. Tlieii- blanket 
rolls had been discarde<l with a charming disregard of 
what wonld com(\ dnring the march from v^ibouey to l.as 
(inasinuis, and dnring the light that followed. Some of 
them were fonnd again, bnt a good many of them wei'c 
a])])ro]iriated by the ( 'nbans, who a]i]H\ired in nnndiers 
as soon as the tlanger of being shot had ended. To see 

137 



THE STORY OP THE ROUGH RIDERS. 

a Cuban with a Rough Rider's blanket, wliieh he sol- 
emnly swore had been m his family for generations, be- 
came so usual that it attracted no attention, and to see 
them in the tunics of our soldiers (which they announced 
had been theirs before the war began) becauie as connnon 
as to see them in their own ragged and disre])utable 
clothes. Many stories were told of the rohhiiig of tlu; 
dead and wounded by our allies that day, but concerning 
their truth I know nothing. 1 only know that after that 
day our men were prone to regard a (hiban wilh that 
same delicate consideration and i^leasui'c with which ihcy 
looked on land crabs. In view (^f tliis almost universal 
sentiment of dislike and suspicion, it is greatly to the 
credit of our troops that there were not more collisions 
between them and the soldiers of (^iha Lihrc. There 
was certainly more or less good reason for this feeling. 
It ])robably had its beginning in the boorish lack of 
courtesy whicli liad Keen shown by tlie officers of the 
Cuban army to the officers and men of the American 
army the night we reached Siboney. 

Of course the first thing which was doiu^ after the 
battle was to look after the wounded, and see that the 
dead were found and protected from the ravages of land 
crabs and vultures. This was accomplished with all possi- 
ble expedition. The little field hospital had been estab- 
lished back on the trail at about the ])lace where we had 
first met the Spaniards. Dr. Bob Church was in charge. 
Dr. La IMotte, the senior surgeon, was not there then, 
and the chief burden of the whole awful situation 
fell on the ex-footl)all player. Nothing could have ex- 
ceeded his bravery on the field, and nothing could have 

138 



AFTER ].AS GUASIMAS. 

exceeded his patience, skill, and delicacy in caring for 
the men hack there nnder the mango tree. lie did not 
foi-iict ill his hurrv to he kind. \Vc liad all hccn t(^l(l 
lliat liolli Uoosevelt and Colonel Wood were dead. I 
renieniber with vivid distinctness the breath of relief we 
drew when ( "Inirch assured iis that this was not the case. 

AVliilc I was Iviiiu' (111 the field after T had received 
mj wound someone had asked nu^ for my name and ad- 
dress, thiidving that my death was a nuitter of only a few 
moments. I was so da/ed by the eifect of the shot that 
1 could not think of it for a moment, and told tluMu that 
I did not know, hut that Colonel Wood did. 'i'he man 
who had asked iiu — I did not know him nor have I since 
been able to find out who he was — learned my name 
from someone else, and a few moments later, just as the 
final attack was being made on the old distillery, he told 
Colonel Wood thai 1 wanted to see him. That, of 
conrse, was silly, for 1 was too sick t(» want to see anyone. 
r>nt Wood's big heart did not see the absurdity of it, 
and he sent me a pleasant message, saying that he was 
soi'ry that 1 had been shot. This was brought by an 
oifieer, whose identity I have also been unable to estab- 
lish. 1 didn't eai'c about anything just then, and re- 
member trying to turn over, and wearily wishing that 
people wouldn't bother me. Later, thougli, and just 
after we had heard that the Colonel was not dead, Wood 
came to me, and stoo])ing over, said: 

" Hello, Marshall! How are you now? " 

T was suffering the tortures of perdition and told 
him so. 

I shall not forget the kind look of s(*lieitnile on his 
139 



THE STORY OF THE ROUGH RIDERS. 

face as I slowly drifted into unconsciousness after I had 
spoken. AVlien I regained my senses a few moments 
later, his pleasant face was still l>eiidin<i' over me. 

'' I was awfully sorry that 1 coukbrt i>,o to you when 
you asked me to," he said; '" I tried to, but it was the 
turning point of the 1 tattle." 

The idea that I had sent foi- liiiu and that he wanted 
to come to see me while the infernal hght, which I had 
seen the most of, was in progress, seemed so amusing 
that I laughed at it, and he laughed too. 

" Won't you ha^'e a drink? " he asked. 

There had been ii<» stiundaiit otlicr than aromatic 
spirits of amnioiii;! oii the Held, ami when llic colonel 
held a little four or live ounce vial oi' Scotch whiskey 
to my li])s, it seemed to nie that it was the finest thing in 
all the woi'ld. 

A moment later he was holding that same little liottle 
up for J\Ic( 'lintock, and I heard Mc('lintock s;iy hetween 
the pain gasps: 

"By God! that's good!" 
And so it was. 

The men were brought to join the little grou]) there on 
tent-cloths and blankets. There was not a single sti'etcher 
in the regiment. As a matt(n- of fact, there were 
not even enough tent-cloths and blankets to handle tlie 
wounded on, for T distinctly remember seeing Privates 
Burgess and Love of T) Troop — the same men avIio had 
carried me to the shade — trying to bear a wouinled man 
on a narrow board. Once or twice he rolled off and fell 
in the grass, greatly to his own exasperation and the 
sorrow of the bearers. T managed to get a stretcher, 

140 



AKIKi; LAS (;UASIMAS. 

tlii'oiiiili the kind (liliccs ol' SU'plicii ( 'ranc. IIo and 
Kicliard llardiiii;" Davis had coiiie u]) \n me inmicdiately 
attcr 1 was woiiiidcil. I ;iiii Inld tliat they were tlu; 
(iidy dtlici' uc\vs]ta]>('r iiicii in tlic tii:lil. ( 'raue not only 
took luv storv i)\' the iii>iit down to the eoast for me, but 
desorihed my nnsfortune to (George Coffin, Acton Davies, 
and ("hai'les jMeNichol, who were on one of the New 
York -JounutVs des])at(di hoots. Tlicy lu'onuht np a 
stretcdier winch may liavc hcloiiued to tlie (luvernment, 
but which I think was the J on riKirs property, and took 
me down to the iios|)itai ship " Olivette." 

Most of the W'Mindcd men who were taken to tlic field 
hospital, perforce I'emained thei-e for the niiiht. ( 'ap- 
tain .Mc( 'liutock was too weak from loss of bhxuj to 
make his renio\al possible. He t(dls me that the 
\vounde(l hiy thei'c dni'iiia- the lonii' darkness and sang 
songs, as they had snng "My ('oimti'v, 'tis of Thee," 
before I was eai-ried away. Shn'p was pretty nearly out 
of the (puvstion, for the moans of those in awfid ))ain and 
the ravings of the men who had been I'endered delirious 
by snfl"ering or by diMigs, were incessant. 

The nttei' inade(piateness of the force sent to the front 
that day to fight its way forward and at the same time 
])rote('t its own rear, was shown by an episode near the 
tield ho^piud. l,ientenant-( 'oloiiel llro(|ie told me id" it 
the other day in Washington. l!i-o(lie was walking up 
and down nursing his Avonndel ai'in. The regiment had 
gone on to camp a mile and a half away, and the wounded 
were hd't there in the woods with a small guard. One of 
them lay at Brodie's feet, llis eyes were on the ground 
level. 

14:5 



THE STOKY OF THE KOUGH KIHEKS. 

"Great Scott, Major!'' be t^aid to iJrodie. "There 
come a lot of Spaniards." 

Brodie looked in the direction lie indicated, Init eonld 
see no one. 

"(Jet down here." said the wounded man, "and yon 
can sec tlicm |]iimiii:Ii the luislics and i^'rass." 

Ilroclic aut down, and saw llicni. Tlid'c certainly was 
a Ltudy (if two linndrcd men or more wlio had approached 
within a few hnndrcd yards of our pitiful little hospital, 
and wci'c well in the ivar (doui' rcuimcnt. i^'ortumitciy 
for ns they were ('nhans. lint they mii;ht ([nite as well 
have heen Spainards, as far as any means of jirevention 
that wci'c ill oiir power were concerned. II' t he Spanish 
forces had executed a tlankini;' movement on us that day, 
they could have douhled us n]), des])ite the maii'nificent 
fightini>' (pialities of onr men. There were four tlionsanJ 
of them aii'ainst our nine hundred. 

A corporal and seven men were left to liuard the 
hospital. There was ^ood I'casoii foi- this, foi- the Span- 
ish sharpshooters, which afterwards infested that part of 
the connti'v so thoroii<2,hly, had already l)ei;uii their 
work and were hrinu' at onr wonnded and at onr snr- 
o'eons and our hospital men. There Avei'e seven alarms 
dnrini;- the niulit, and one of lliem was caused hy a shot 
from a sharpshooter, who hit someone. I cannot find 
out who his Adctim was. The othei- six were caused by 
land crabs, which wei'c there by the hundreds of thou- 
sands, and which, when they scuttled throui:h the snn- 
dried grass and leaves, made a noise quite loud enough 
to be reasonably accredited to careful men, crc^eping up. 
The corporal in charge was brave. lie did not know 

144 



AFI'Ki; LAS ClASIMAS. 

wlicthcr or not the whole JSpani.-^li army was stealing 
on lis thoro in the dark, yet he took his seven men and 
went ont as liraxciv auainst the nnknown terrors of the 
Cnlian wihh'rness as if those men had nnnd>ered se\'en 
thousand. 

And hero it is well to say a word ahont those Spanish 
sharpshooters. That they disregarded all the rules of 
civilized warfare and ordinary, straight humanity, in fir- 
ing on our surgeons and wounded and into our iKopitals, 
that day and on sueeeeding days, there is no donitt what- 
ever. I cannot believe that they could have been regu- 
lar Sjianish soldiers. Our hatred for tlu^ S])aniai'ds as 
a common enemy should not make us forget that they 
were hrax'e men in fight, and lii'a\c men are not likely 
to do such things. An ex})lanation which most of the 
officers of the American army down there afterwards 
heard from the Spaniards themselves, ami which some of 
them told to me, does not seem unreasonable. The jail< 
in Santiago were full of military prisoners. The city 
had long Ixhmi the abiding place of large bodies of Span- 
ish troo])s, and tliese trooj)s wcvo (lisconteiite(! because 
tiny had not been paid and were not well. Ofiences 
against army law, both serious aiul petty, were conunon 
among them. IMany soldiers were lo(d<ed u]). 

When our army came, and when the Spanish com- 
manding officers saw that there was likely to bc^a lack 
of food in Santiago before they whi])jied us and drove 
us away — which they undoubtedly thought they could 
more or less easily accomplish — tliese prisoners became 
a ]n"oblem. Tt was finally decided to give them rifles 
and ammunition and tell them to get out, kill as many 
10 145 



THE STORY OF THE ROUGH RIDERS. 

Americans as they could, and never come back to San- 
tiago under pain of death. The prisoners appreciated 
the situation. They had a wholesome and natural long- 
ing for freedom on any terms. They took the rifles 
and the ammunition and got out. A lew of them es- 
caped to parts of tlic conntry where tluy did not come 
in contiU't with our troops until after the surrciuh'r. hut 
most of them were reh'ascd at j)hK'es where th(y had 
either to run 'the eliance of being shot hy their own 
countrymen or take the risk of heing shot by Americans. 
They found tliat our lines were much k'ss chjsely 
guarded than were the Sjianish Hues, and they worked 
their way into them. A few of them gave themselves 
up to our officers ami tokl what they knew of the Span- 
ish situation. Ihit hy far tlie greater nuinhcr of them, 
either from that hive of coinitry which animates the 
meanest souls, or from the belief that we were a set of 
bloodthirsty and merciless ruffians who would kill them 
with torture if they fell into our hands (a belief which 
was carefully fostered by the S])anish press in Cuba and 
whicli was really generally held by the avcn-age unin- 
telligent, uneducated Spanish soldier), refused to sur- 
render themselves or to give us information, and took 
their positions in the trees along the trails within our 
lines, and cleverly concealing themselves with leaves 
and bushes, proceeded to prey on whoever came within 
their range. 

Shots were fired at us as I was being carried down 
the trail to Siboney, I am told, although I did not realize 
it at the time. James Creelman's litter-poles were 
twice penetrated by bullets as he was being taken to the 

146 



AFTKK LAS GUASIMAS. 

rear from El raiuy, and at least six wounded men were 
killed at one time or another. So bold were these 
seaiiips iliat llicy actually o'ot close enough to the hos- 
pital ncai' (Icncral Slial'tcr's hcad(|iiartci's later in the 
canijiaiiin, to send several hnllets throni-h the canvas 
(if its tent. So far as 1 can learn, no orf>-ani/ed effort 
was r\cv iiiailc to (li'i\c them a\\a\' iVom the ti'ails along 
wliicli (Mil' wdiiiKJcd iiicii were (•()nl iniially being" carried 
and (till' well men constantly passing to and fro. 

I p to the xerv time of the snrrender, and during the 
truce, these uieii kept up their hellish gneri'illa warfare 
on our ti'oops, and many a man carries a wound to-day 
or tills a grave in Cuba, who never would have been 
shot if they had been driven out. Of course our men 
did what they could in a casual way, to kill them. In- 
dividual soldiers, tinding themselves fired upon, fired 
l)ack, and became mightily suspicious of all those 
branches in the trees which they saw moving in any way 
\\ liich was not warranted by the breeze which blew as 
they approached, but they made little impression on the 
Spanish sharpshooters. 

If r am to believe the reports which I have heard, 
there could not have been less than two hundred (»f 
these men. Once in a while one of our men would 
pot one of them, and he would fall from his tree all 
spread out like a killed crane, with his concealing 
branches still tied to him. But the evil was really only 
wiped out with the surrender of the Spanish army. It is 
impossible not to feel a sort of qualified admiration for 
the rough bravery of these cha])s who were within an 
enemy's lines and entirely cut off from the possibility 



THE STORY OF THE ROUGH RIDERS. 

of getting food or other supplies from tlieir own army, 
but it is equally ini})ossil)le to feel luiything other than 
unspcakaMe horror for the spii'it which imhiced them 
to hre on our wounded and into our hos]»il;ds, in open 
disregard of the dietates of hunumity and I he neutrality 
of the I Jed (Jross flag and badge. 

Idiey make you think of the Spaiiiiird who kiHed 
Licnlciiiiiit ()i'(L ( )i'd and his mcu had ciiplnrcd ;i ritle- 
j)it. A S])aniai'd was lying in this trciwli, badly woundecl 
but still firing. ()n(' (d' Oi'd's men did iiol sec thai he 
was woundc(l and was about to kill him. ( )i'(l kno(d<ed 
his gnu up and l(»ld him not to lire at a wounded man. 
The wounded man took deliberate aim al the Amei'iean 
officer who was trying to saxc his life and blew his brains 
out. It is needless to say that the men id' Oi-d's cdni- 
numd killed the S])aniard with the Initts of tlieir riHes. 
They did not give him tlu; lumor of dying as a soldier 
wants to die — from bullets. 

As Friday night had been the most terrible night in 
the field hos]iital, so Saturday night was the worst night 
at Siboucy. The men whose experiences I have de- 
scribed at the field hospital had not all been carried 
down to Siboney before midnight of Saturday. Prob- 
ably half a dozen of us had been taken out to the hospital 
ship '' Olivette," wdiich was slowly cruising up and down, 
over the sickening swell of the Caribbean Sea. ^Major 
Appell had tried to let her ride at anchor, but had found 
that the motion was much less distressing to us when her 
screw was turning. 

It w^as along toward evening when the last of the men 
who had been shot the day before, but were still able to 

148 



AKTKli i.AS GLArilMAS. 

\v;ilk, (•;iiiic liiii|iiiii;- iiitu Sihoiicy. Sonic of tliciil strug- 
i;lc(l |i;iiiit'iill V (low II the precipitous [intli wliicli led from 
the crest ol llie clitl' lo the little urollp of >li;ililic> iilider- 
neiitli, hut most of tliciii li;i(l loimd tliiil the \;ille_v I'oad 
was easiest, and had coiiie in liv the way which (icneral 
^011710^ foi'ccs took in ^oini;' to the front. 

'I here were so many of the wounded, and (if those who 
were jnst lieuinninu' to come down with fe\cr, that it was 
impossible to _i;ive even shelter to all of them. There 
were so few snri>eons and lios])ital men that the pi-ohlem 
of nie(lical attendance was cd)solutely unsoKaMe, and 
noon of Sunday had come Ijefore the last of the sutferers 
had recei\-e(| attention. 

At nndiiiuht, the hri^ht mo(»nliulit shone n])on n g'rne- 
some scene. 'Idie sick and woniided were lyinu' every- 
whei'c. 'ilie silence would have heeii complete had it 
not lieen lor the whispered talkini;' of the sni'iicoiis, and 
an occasional ui'oan tr(tm some man in a^diiy. Little 
pia/./as fronted most of the lints. One (d' these,. wlii(di 
had lieeii turne(l over to the JS'ew York ■loiii-inil l>y the 
Cuhans for a head(piarters, was the oatherinu- place for 
most of the sufferinu' liouuli Uiders. iJrewer, who had 
gone to ( 'uha to cstaMish a post-oflice, and wdio after- 
wards died of yellow fever, had piled his mail haus on 
one end of this hnt's piazza, 'i'hey made ca])ital 1)eds. 

and were cox'ei'cd li\' >leepiim- men. The -lee|)ers had 

twisted themselves into all sorts of iirotesqne positions to 
fit tlieir nne\-en restini>' places and their aeliinu' lind's. 
T'y the door, like a pale-faced sentinel, was Arthur 
Croshy. in a rockim;-chair. lli- head and arms were 
swathed in Moo(h^taiiied haiidaiics and his aii'ony was 



THE STORY OF THE KOUGH RIDERS. 

violent. In the brim of his liat there was a little hole 
which showed where the bullet had passed before it tore 
off his cheek, perforated the palm of his left hand, and 
then buried itself in his chest. Just how one bullet 
could have made this wound is a pretty problem, and 
Crosby does not know. lie probably had the back of his 
hand against his chin, as he was lying in the grass, when 
he was shot. lie had been one of the lucky few to 
whom had been given cot beds when they reached the 
hospital, but the agony of a recund^ent position had been 
so great that he had gladly swapped his bed for a rock- 
ing-chair, and there he sat through all the dreadful night, 
his face convulsed with agony, but never groaning and 
never making one complaint. He was one of the Hough 
Riders. 

Xot far from Crosby lay Sergeant Basil Eicketts. 
lie had a bullet in his thigh. ISTo man ever endured 
pain with greater fortitude than Rickclts showed. 
Personally I can never forget him, for before he was 
wounded he made one of the men who carried me from 
the sun into the shade. It is interesting to si)eak here 
of an episode in the life of his father. General Ricketts: 

During the AVar of the Rebellion, he was hit by one 
of the old Minie balls, in nearly the same place which 
the Mauser bullet afterwards found in his son at Las 
Guasimas. Mrs. Ricketts was staying at a hotel just 
within the Union lines. She heard that her husband 
was wounded, and tlu^t night went out to find him. He 
was lying on the field, not far from the Confederate out- 
posts. The surgeons were bending over him and ex- 
plaining to him that it would be necessary to amputate 

150 



AFTKK 1,A.S GUASIMAS. 

liis leg. ]\rrs. liiekc'tts prutotcd, l)ut the .-^urgcuns lulJ 
her lie would die from loss of blood or gangrene, if the 
leg were lint hikeli oW. 

" If lie weic in :i Xdi'tlierii hospital," thev said, ''wo 
uiiglit sa\"e liis leg, hut down here, Avhere good nnrsing 
is impossible, we cannot tliink of risking it." 

"" I will stay and nurse him," Mrs. Ki(d<:etts declared. 

AVith water from the canleens of dead men, she laved 
his Wound all that night; when moi-ning came, the Union 
troops had found it necessary to fall hacd-;. and she was 
left with her wounded hnshand in Confederate territory, 
iliey were caj)tnr(Ml, and with seventeen other T^nioii 
ofKcers })nt into a single room in Lihhy ])rison, where 
i\lrs. Kicketts was the only woman. The Confederates 
often offered to exchange liei-. hut she had told the sur- 
geons that she would stay and nurse her hnshand, and 
stay she did. For six months, she woi-ked tliei'e, saving 
not only her hnshand's life, hut the lives of many other 
Union otlicers. 

Basil liicketts tinik hi> wound as the son of such 
])ai-ents might he ex])eeted to take a wound. One (d" the 
sergeants of the Hough Riders had served under General 
Uicketts, and was tlie first man to come up to Basil 
aftei' he had lieen shot. 

" I'm hit," said Kicketts. 

The old sergeant leaned over him and saw that he was 
taking it calndy. 

'' God almighty." said the sergeant, " wouldn't the 
general he tickled if he could s(>e you now! " 

After Bicketts returned to Xew ^'ork, he suffered 
terribly from fever, and for a long time lay in St. Luke's 

151 



THE STORY OF THE ROTOH RIDERS. 

Hospital in a room not far from mine. I have never 
seen liim since the war, hut nurses ami (hK'tt)rs alike 
continually told me of the })lu('ky way in which ho en- 
dured his pain. 

Xot far away from Kieketts lay Lieutenant Dever- 
eaux, of ( 'olorado Springs. jSText to McClintock's, his 
wonnd was the most ])aiiiful that I knew of during the 
cani])aign. Tlie hones of his forearm were literally 
gronnd to powder. Later he was taken out to the 
"Olivette," and he spent much <if his lime in an arm- 
chair in front of my stateroom. The surgeons niaih' a 
mistake in thinking tliat tlie l»nllet liad gone down in- 
stead of n]), and put liiin through the most di-eadl'nl 
agonies of ])i'ol)ing. lie said never a W(»i'd. hut took liis 
pain as a man should take it, ([uietly ;ind without |>i'o- 
test. The same great surgeon who carved me u|>, and 
thereby saved my life, worked over Devereaux in Xew 
York, and saved his arm. Dr. Tlohert Al>he occasionally 
pidls from his ])0(d\et, even now, a hattered hit of steel. 
This is the bnllet which he took from Lieutenant Dever- 
eaux. 

Over in the corner, on the inside of the shanty, lay 
Burr Mcintosh. The troubles wdiich he had with sweet 
Spanish wine had not been enougli for him. He was 
the first man to go dr)\vn with yello^v fever, and its first 
stages were that night convulsing him with |)ain and 
leading his mind off into the unknown paths of mutter- 
ing delirium. ^Mcintosh has now recovered, and it is 
fair to tell some details of what his wandering brain 
dwelt upon during that uncanny night. Tie had in mind 
the production of a play called the "" War Correspond- 

152 



A FT E It LAS GUASIMAS. 



out," and a part of his costume was to consist of a liigli 
l)air of russet leatlier cavalry boots. With an eye to the 
value <it' theatrical etVeet, lie lia<l piircliascd these boots 
lu'fore he left New \'(>rk, and taken them to ( "nba with 
him. It was his plan to wear footgear on tlie stage 
which had actually been stained by Cuban mud, and, if 
possible, to see to it that, during the cainpaign, some 
real blood fell ui)on those boots. In-om the moment 
of his landing in Cuba, envious glances had been cast 
iil)on them by troopers wdiose shoes were going the 
ruined way of army shoes in Cuba. They were stolen 
the tirst day. That night he got them back. Tlie next 
day, before the start to Siboney, another man purloined 
them and he recovered them after nnudi detective work, 
just before the yellow fever caught him in its scraggy 
arms. As he lay there, the precious boots were lovingly 
gathered beneath his head. He talked of them inces- 
santlv. ITome, friends, and)ition — all were subordinate 
in his delirium, to the yellow boots. In the middle of 
the night a shadowy trooper appeared, ghostlike, from 
nowhere. He carefully picked his shoeless way aniong 
the wounded men and steered a coni'se foi- Mcintosh. 
AVlien he went out, the yellow boots were idosely clasped 
beneath his tunic, and Mcintosh, his head now on the 
floor, raved on about them. 

The story of that night in the hospital might be much 
prolonged, but I coidd only write a repetition of such 
anecdotes. The men lay there and suffered, the sur- 
geons workcfl, 'uwht blood and groans. The only 
light in the nuiin 1>uilding came from a bottle whicli 
some thoughtful Cuban had half filled with native fire- 

15.-) 



THE STOKY OF THE KOUlJH RIDERS 

bugs. Soinetinios a clui}) would ciitoi- with a blazing 
brand from a neighboring caniiifirc and cast a Hickering, 
ghastly glow about him; and so the night dragged on 
until the sndden (Aiban dawn. 

After Wood was made (lovernor of Santiago )ii-oviiu*e, 
he went out to look over the old hattle-gi-ouiid. The 
strongest testimony to the tiereeness of the lire he found 
in the condition of the trees ({ind tliis \v;is six months 
after the battle hnd been fonght). At tlie point where 
the Spaniards tirst o])ene(l on us, the forest looked as if a 
conflagration had swept it. 'I'lie trees liad been abso- 
lutely killed by the terrible hail of bullets which had 
been ])oured into them, while our men wen; advancing 
through them. 

The Tiongh TJiders were not conifortaI)le in their new 
cam]). Tliey had thrown away most of theii- tents and 
blankets, and the weather had tui'iu'd bad. They began 
to I'ealize what tlie rainy season in ( 'uba means. Those 
who had tents, i)ut them uj), but they otb-i'eil little pro- 
tection against the trojncal downpours, which beat the 
canvas to earth and sent streams of water down the little 
slopes actually strong enough to sweo]) mattresses and 
blankets out from under tents, unless they were anchored 
down by the recnmbent forms of sturdy ti'oo|)ers. 

The camp was within two thousand yai-ds of the 
Spanish trenches, but not a sliot was fired. 

It wonld have been worse than foolish to have sent the 
regiment forward into another fight just then, when 
everything was considered, yet the men were anxious 
to go. By this time the Rough Tliders had " got their 
mad u]i." Dnring the first Ivattle they had killed Span- 

15C 



AF'l'KR LAS (iUASlMAS. 

iards as II lualtcr nf Im-iiios, luit the (lc\ili>li work of the 
sharpshooters (»ii llicir wduiidrd, uiid I hi' tlioiisaiul and 
one discointorts lirowiiii;,' out ol llic ('aiii]);ni;ii — worse 
disc'oiiifttiMs tlian tlic hardiest cowliov aiiioiii;- them had 
ever siitVercd on our ])laius — lind exasjx'ratcil tlieui to tlie 
j.oint ol' tVcu/y, for tliev loured now to kill Spainards 
Itecausc ihcv lialcd tliciii. Kl Canev was off at the right, 
in the distance, and I'd Peso, where some of ihcui W(n-e 
to uieel their deaths in a few <hiys, was well to the hdt. 

The men wei'e xcrv curious ahout Fd ( 'aney. It was 
unch'i'stood to l»e a Spanish stron^liohh and it was sup- 
posed that it would he the next point tliat the reuimeiit 
wouhl attack. As a matter of fact it was hawtou's ;iiid 
('hatVee's men that fouulit tlu're, hut affei- their tiulit 
some Rouiih Riders \isited it. ( 'aptain Huston and 
Benjamin irarney were in the party. 

Ilaruey, liv the way, is the sculptor wlio nnssed a 
chance to eidist in the I'euimeut in the States, and who 
was so anxious to join it that lie l'ollowe(l it to ("uha tor 
tlie ])nr))ose. Tie fianred tlnit hy the time he iiot there 
euouiih men would have heen killed and wonn(h'd to 
make room for him. lie hnideil in ('uha on Saturday 
idiiht, and his unpiloted trip from Sihoney to where the 
Kough liiders Avere encamped was full of perils from 
sharpshooters. When he got there he fonn<l that he had 
been right abont there being room for him. He was al- 
most exhausted by his long and dangerous tramp, but he 
was fnlly rewarded wlu'u he heard the ringing cheer 
whi(di the men sent up for him when they found how 
far he had come and what he had come for, and when 
he was gladly accepted and enlisted as a member of the 

157 



THE STORY OF THE Rt)UGH RIDERS. 

best volunteer regiment that ever fonglit in onr army 
or any other army. 

Afterwards, in Avriting home, he said, first, that he liad 
plenty of material for sculpting, and second, that the 
stone fort at El (/aney, which he had jnst visited, was an 
ahsolnte slaughter pen. Its walls were litei'ally kalso- 
miiicd with the blood of dead Spanish soldiers. It will 
be remembered that this fort was the one which sur- 
rendered to Mr. James (Ireelmau of the New York 
Juuiiiiil. (h'cehnau A\as shot while it was beiug done, 
but he gaiued distinction as being the oidy ncwspajx'r 
C()rres])ondent to whom a hostile force had ever sur- 
rendered a fortification. 

The camp was ou tlie i-ight of the main road leading to 
Santiago, and had no pleasant features that I have been 
able to learn. The tents were pitched in a hollow in- 
stead of on high ground, which was plentiful there- 
abouts, and the men suffered accordingly, not only when 
the rains descended as I have described, but from malaria 
and other fevers. Every day four or five Rough Iliders 
went out over the trail to the hospital at the rear. Wood 
and Iloosevelt had been mighty good to the men at 
San Antonio and Tampa, as well as on the transport, and 
after they landed in Cuba, but it was in this camp that 
the men began to really appreciate the stuff of which their 
commanding officers were made. Whatever the men 
had to go without, they went without themselves. They 
would take no better shelter than their men had, and 
they would eat no better food than w^as offered to the men 
to eat. There were thousands of tons of rations out in 
the bay on the transports, but they were disembarked 

158 



AFTER LAS GUASTMAS. 

and hroniilit iij) tlic trail so slowlv tliat tlio lfono;li lliders 
were oiilv allowed oiic-tliird rations. It was understood 
that the oliieers should haxc soniethini;- a liltle hetter 
than this, and tliev had carried with them to the iVnit 
a few <lelieaeies like eaiiiied toniatoe-. liul Wood nnd 
Ivooscvelt would t'Mich none (d' them. Within a couple 
of davs it was the lade amom: the iiouuh Uider-that the 
otHoers \\'oul(l accept iiothinu' which the men could not 
ii'ct. Wdiat pool- dainties did come in the re^in unit's way 
went t(» the sick an<l not to the othc(n-s' mess. This, per- 
lia|is. explains, in some slight measure, the devotion 
which tlu' men showed for their ofHccrs later in the 
campaiiiii. 

There were one or two exceptions to this rule of 
complete consideration, but I only mention them because 
if T did not it might be thought that I did not know of 
them. Tn so large a body of men as were the Hough 
Tviders, there are certain to be some fcdlows wdio lack 
the finer points. There were some in the Eougli lliders, 
just as there were oiu' oi- two men who were not brave. 
1 shall not speak of them again, because the general 
si)irit of the r(>giment was so hue and whole-souled and 
valorous, that it des(n-ves to g(» down in history as an 
organization practically without flaws. 

At hrst, some (d" the officers and men built shacks 
which they thatchei] with ]>alm and banana leaves. This 
was very nice till inght came on, when tarantulas and 
other callers took to dro]i])ing from the greenery of the 
roofs. These little episodes were rendered doubly dis- 
agreeable by the fact that the men could not light lights 
— not even matches — in order to make search for the 

159 



THE STOKY OF TUE liOUGIl lUDEKS. 

invading vermin. To make a liglir vas likely to be 
fatal. The Spaniards, in their trenches, were wateliing 
for the foolish oiics wlio did it, and their temerity was 
always followed hy a shot, if not a volh'v. The S])anish 
shar])shooters whd had their eyes on the Rough liidei-s 
diii'iiig these trying (hiys and nights wei'e really sharp- 
shooters. They could easily wing a man acro>s the short 
space which se))arated tlieni. and they often did. I )ni-iiig 
the eoiistatitlN' recnri'ing night rainstorms, which wei'e al- 
ways accompanied hy the most vivid and discoiiceiling 
trojucal lightning — a kind of tiash which is totally un- 
known and totally indescribable to the jieople Xortli — 
tluy freipiently hit men. 

The long nights in the trenches Avere not ])leasant. 
They were half-fnll of water after the rains. Manv and 
many a man has told me that he stood iij) to his knees in 
the ( 'nban rain-water while he was waiting for the Span- 
iards to shoot at him. One man — I think it was the 
scnl])tor, Benjamin Harney — tried to kee]) out of this 
Avater one night by kneeling on a little mound in the 
tremdi. AVhen morning came shining rosily o\-er the 
hills, he looked at the mound. ITe fonnd that he had 
heen kneeling on a S])anish soldier's grave, and that the 
corpse had stuck a hand out of the (>dge of it as if in 
protest at the desecration. 

These few days had no cheerful features. In this 
camp the men had momentarily expected battle orders, 
their quarters had been uncomfortable; tarantulas, 
vermin, and other disagreeabilities, had made sleep at 
night almost impossible. Dnring the days tlie men had 
slept in such shade as they could find when it was not 

160 



AF'l'Klt LAS GUASIMA8. 

rniniiiii'. and lind diuu" their best to keep dry and save 
their small [)n)})ertics from floatiiii; <>1V in the floods when 
it was raiiniiii'. Their rations of one-third allowance of 
haeoii. hardtack, and coiFcc withont sni;'ai-, had not been 
snttieieiit to kee)) iheir physical >treiii:th up, and then- 
spirits (b'ooped accord inii'l v. This nnfortnnate condition 
Avas aiiiiravated among the smokers of tlie reiiiment — and 
Avliat m(>nd>er of the Konch Ividers was not a smoker? — 
liv the lack of tobacco. It was at this time that a little 
two-onnce ]iacka2,'e of smokin<i- tobacco which some man 
had come into possessi(ni of in a way which history has 
forgotten, was anctioncd for forty-seven dolhirs and fifty 
cents. 

A dramatic episode occurred. A Spaniard was cap- 
tured in a tree. He was not one of the sharpshooters, 
for he liad no rifle. Bnt he was armed with a revolver 
and wore t\\o uniform of the Spanish regidar, so that he 
was leg-it imate prey of war. lie was captured by a 
Cuban, wdio turned him over to the Rough Riders. In 
his pockets they found many incriminating papers. He 
was, almost without (hmbt. an oificer of some raid<, for 
there were documents of an official nature in his clothes 
which would liardly have been (mtrnsted to a private 
soldier. He said he was. a Cidtan who had l)een cap- 
tured by the Spaniards and forced to put on a Spanish 
uniform, and maintained that his only wish was to rejoin 
the Cnl)an army. Xo one believed this, bnt because 
of his statements he was finally giv(>n back to tlie Cnbans 
by Captain Luna, Avho had him in charge. He might 
much better have said nothing about the C\d)ans, and 
left himself in American hands, for the Cubans took him 
11 161 



THE STORY OF THE ROUGH RIDERS. 

up to a hill to the left of where the Rough Eiders were 
encamped, and eut him to pieces without niercv and in 
spite of the protests made by two or three American 
private soldiers Avho were present. When American 
officers, wlio had heen summoned, arrived, they found 
the Spaniard (h'ad. 

On the evening of June iJOtli I lie regiment went to 
El Poso, which the Sjianiards had hccii forced, liy our 
artilh'rv fire, to evacuate. 

They did not i-cacli lliis last point until late at night. 
It Avas, indeed, long after eleven o'clock l)efore they 
M'ere really in the place which had been assigned to 
them as camp — an assignment whidi the following day's 
events proved to be either criminally careless or incon- 
ceivably stupid. 

I may, perhajis, be excused for sa\ing the story of the 
burial of the dead in the battle of Las (hiasimas for the 
end of this chapter. It was the burial of tlie first dead 
in the army, during the Spanish- American war. It was 
significant, and it was grim, and it was pitiful. I do 
not suppose that there ever was a regiment in which tli(> 
men, as individuals, had a higher regard for each (^ther. 
The mere fact that another man had been accepted as a 
member of this carefully selected organization gave you 
a certain respect for him. You knew what you had been 
through yourself. 

The men loved one another, as strong men love those 
who have passed through some trials with them alreadv, 
and are considered completely competent to pass through 
other trials with them. 

Yet when the burial of the dead came, not more 

163 



AFTKIl LAS GUASI.MAS. 

than half of the nicii in the regiincnt went out to 
sec the ceremony. lircd. tired, tired! -No men were 
ever more t Imrouiihly worn out lli;in they were when 
they mnde theii- pi-imitive cmii]) i>\\ ih;it ('idnin hill- 
side (iNcr to tlic I'iaht of where llannlton I'ish was 
kille.L 

Colonel Wood h;id oi'(h're(| ;i deliiil ill whicli all the 
trooj^s were re})resente(l, to dig the iirave the niiilit be- 
fore. These men were jirond of their task, and they 
were anxions to perform it, but they were too terribly 
tired to do it well. luuht dead men were lying" in a 
gniesonie row near the held ho>|»ital under that mango 

t re( a ti'ee whicdi should l)e suri'ouuded by a bi'onzc 

I'ailiug ami hehl as an exhibition for future geiu'rations 
(»f Americans who are interested in what our men did 
in Cuba in those summer days of Kighteeii Xinctv- 
Kight. 

These were not all the dead, but they were the ones 
who were laid away on Saturday moriung in that first 
crude grave. 

Tireil. dead tireil. were the men wh<> dug it. They 
were too tii'e(| tn dig >e]iai'ate graves tor their hei'o com- 
rades. Hut what they could, they did. They began the 
work on that nnlueky Friday night. TIow near they 
were to the ])oint of comidete exhaustion is shown by the 
fact that it was not tinished until the middle of the fol- 
lowing morning. 

At eleven o'clock, officers' call was sounded. All men 
in command of troops Avere told that the funeral ser- 
vices over the men who had fallen the day Itefore would 
occur in half an hour. Xo one was compelled to go. 

103 



THE STORY OF THE liOLGH RIDERS. 

Xeitlier officers uor men turned out because they were 
told to. Many of the men were busy on other tasks 
connected with the new cam}), and all had plenty to do 
in cleaning guns and getting themselves and their equip- 
ment ready for the next battle. 

The ceremony was brief. 

" I am the Hesurrectioii and the Life, saith the Lord," 
Chaplain Ih'OAvn r(>])eatc(l, and so on, through the Epis- 
copal service. lie knell and prayed by the trench. The 
men knelt too, and as they dotfed their campaign hats, 
the Cuban sun beat down as fiercely on them, and on the 
nu'U in the trench before them, whose battles were fin- 
ished forever, as it had the day before on all of them 
when the fight began. Some one threw a heavy clod 
into the trench. Tlie men rose, and their deep bass 
voices joined in " Xearer, my God, to Thee." It was 
as impressive as the singing of the patriot's hymn had 
been in the field hospital. 

It is useless for me to tell how those men lay there; 
they were without coffins, and their only shrouds were 
the uniforms in which they had nobly died. The Cuban 
soil was shovelled over them. The chief bugler stood 
upon the mound and blew the mournful notes of '' taps," 
and the ceremony was finished. Their living comrades 
marked their grave with stones and bits of wood. The 
names of the men that slept there were written on the 
wood. 

jSTow, eight months after the war ended, even these 
markings have been obliterated. Some one has erected 
a tombstone, which reads : 



164 




]Vhere (he Bcmgh liiders waited in the Quivering Heal bij'oie Ike fhanje 
of San Juan. 



AFTEIl I.AS (iUA81^[AS. 







r.. 


the 




J\I 


•;m()Kv ok 




1 


:i(. 


IIT 


u 


NKNOWN 


ISOLDIEKS. 



The stone was not officially erected, and the names of 
the soldiers are not unknown. By and by, when the 
authorities get around to it, proper tombstones and a 
nionunicnt will be erected. (Jeneral Wood ha- already 
planned fur it. 

The body of Hamilton Fish has been taken frum Cuba 




since that day, and brought North to be interred at (!ar- 
rison's, New York, Captain Capron was buried on a 
hillside near the seashore. His grave is marked by a 
neat tombstone erected l)y (Lionel fnow >raior-rieneral) 
AVood. 

'^riie men marche(l ulT, l(';i\ing their (lend nlone iti their 
glory Ix'hind them. The strange new routine of regi- 
mental life was taken n|>. and new thoughts and wonder- 
ings of what the future held lor them busied tlu' minds 

167 



THE STOKV OF THE ROUGH RIDEKS, 

of those who wei'o left, but after thai hattK', aiul after 
tliat bui'ial, no man in the regiment wiis (jnite the same. 
The Ilongli Tlidcrs had passed tliroiigh their baptism of 
fire, and passed gloriously, but they had paid a terrible 
price to Fate. 



168 



CHAPTER IX. 

THE BEGINNING 
OF SAN JUAN. 

T must .start bv saying that I did not see any part of 
the tlir(H> days' battle of San Jnan, and that what is 
written licre is written from what 1 have been tokl by 
men who did, and from what 1 have read. I have taken 
considerabk^ trouble to see that every statement is ac- 
curate, however, and am convinced that there are few, 
if any, mistakes in this account. 

As every one knows, the battle started on the first day 
of Julv. General AV heeler and General Young were 
liotli ill so General Sumner took command of the cav- 
:dry division, in wliicli the Kough TJiders were in- 
cluded, in the Second Brigade, 'riiis promoted Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel lioosevelt to the colonelcy and to com- 
mand of the regiment, for Colonel Wood became a 
l)rigadier-geiu'ral.antl took couimaud of ( Jeiu'ral Young s 
brigade. 

The regiment had moved to El Poso the previous day, 
and were encamped on that picturescjue little farm which 
the Spaniards had evacuated. Xothing can describe the 
filthy state in which the retreating soldiers had left the 
place. '' If Cuba is unhealthy, this is what makes it 
so," said General Sumner to a foreign atta(die. " Xew 
York City would breed yellow fever germs faster than a 
horse can run, if it were left in such a state as this. 

160 



THE STORY OF THE ROUGH RIDERS. 

When tliev eliminate nnnecessjiry dirt t'nuii Cuba they 
M'ill eliminate yellow fever." 

Bnt the fevers Avhich hegan to make many a man 
in "the Kongh Itiders ache and shiver, wei-e not eansed 
by the filth. The days were incredibly hot and the 
nights were chilly. From the valleys on both sides of 
the hill where the regiment was encamped white inists 
fnll of the miasma of malaria rose every night to till tlie 
air nntil the next morning's sun dissipated them, and 
these mists sent many men to hosjiital. They added 
greatly to the heanty of the situation, however, althongh 
it is not pi-ol)able that the Ivongh lliders were as (le(>i)ly 
interested in that as they were in the (piinine which was 
scarce and which this detail of the beauty made neces- 
sary. 

The order to move forward toward Santiago along 
the San duau ti'ail was given the night before to' Colonel 
Itoosevelt, wlio had reveille sonnded at three in the 
morning, for his troops wei-e snp|)osed to be on their wav 
at fonr. 'There was a good deal of su])])i'essed excite- 
ment among the men. The feeling of security that had 
preceded the battle of Las Gnasimas was replaced by a 
feeling of wonder and, in some cases, apprehension. The 
general orders which had been given to their com- 
manders spread among the men with great ra])i(lity, al- 
thongh it is, of conrse, the military intention that snch 
things shall be known only to the men who must of 
necessity be confided in. There was no longer any doubt 
in the minds of the Rough Riders that there were Span- 
iards in Cuba and that the Spaniards had guns, and that 
the guns would be loaded and fired, and that they would 

170 



rilK IJKC.rNNINCi OF SAN .JIjAN. 

1)(> fired for llic |»iir|>(i>c of killiim' llic soldici's in the 
Aiiicriciiii nriiiv. 

I (1(1 iiol wi-li to i;iv(' tlic idcii llint llic Umiiili Kidcrs 
were :ifr:nd tlic iiiu'lil Ixd'oi'c S;iii dii;iii, i'<<v I do not 
hclicvc (hat tins rcuiiiicnt could li;i\c fotiiid ;ui_v set of 
circumstances wliicli would li:i\-c nindc it, as a l)ody, 
feel afi-aid. ]>iit 1 do mean that the l{ou,i;li Kideis had 
learned to fake war sei'iously. They liad oidy to close 
theii- eyes to sei' the battlefield (d' Las (iuasimas where 
they had so Imsily passed that morning- of the twenty- 
fonrth of Jnne. And in the visions which they thus 
called to their minds they saw it dotted with prostrate 
comrades who were not lying down in order to tacilitate 
their own aim at their enemies, hnt were lying down 
because they had ix'cn hit by S])anish bnllets. They 
conld see Avounded men all bloody and they could see 
dead men. They knew tliat just bcfoi'c the battle those 
men who were W(Uin(led and those men who were dead 
had felt ju-t as they had felt — had not believe(| that 
tlie\- would be wounded oi- dead. .Vnd the Uough Riders 
who brought the<e ]»ictui-es to their eyes when they 
(dosed them knew that the next day there was going to be 
another battle and had i'vcry rea-on to believe that after 
it was over there would be a new list of hurt and 
killed. And they knew and c(nisi(lei-e(l carefully the 
fact that it was not at all impossible that their own names 
should be written on it. So they woiidei'ed and gos- 
siped among themselves as to who would be hit. And 
instead of saying scoi'nfull\. " .Vw, them S|)aniards 
won't light." and. " Dagoes caiTt shoot, anyhow." they 
i>oli>hcd nil their I'ille- which the\- had now learned how 



THE STOKY OF THE KOUGIl HIDEKS. 

to use, and they did what they could to })repare to fight 
ably and manfully against a foe for whom they had 
achieved a very considerable respect. 

It would not be right to say that the men were not 
sorry to see Colonel AVood taken away from the com- 
2nand of the regiment, but that they wc^-e all extremely 
well pleased over Colonel Roosevelt's promotion is cer- 
tain. ^\nd th(\v could feel that way without hurting 
anyone's feelings, for they could congratulate Colonel 
Wood on the fact that he was now a brigadier-general, 
both by word of mouth and in iheir minds. 

While they had been h-arning to respect the Span- 
iards, they had continued to lose their respect for Cn- 
l)ans. The Cuban otHcers wer(^ very largely responsible 
for this thems(dves, for they kept up the same ])olicy of 
boorish indifference to the comfoiT of the Anun'ican 
troops which had distinguished them and sur])rised ns 
the night we landed at Siboney. And the Cuban sol- 
diers had shown a great tendency to ap])ro})riatc the 
property of onr soldiers in blue. The sight of .Vmerican 
blankets in the possession of ( 'ubans avIio could not ex- 
plain where they had got them had ceased to excite sur- 
prise, and ngly stories were afloat among the men, of 
Cuban vandals who had rifled the pockets and bodies 
of the dead and wounded at Las (rnasimas. For some 
reason or other the Ilongh Riders, particularly, had con- 
ceived violent donbts of the courage of onr Cnban allies, 
and when it was announced that General Chafl^ee in his 
attack npon El Caney wonld be supported and assisted 
by a large body of Cnban troops, lond derisive cries were 
heard in the camp of the Rongli Riders. I do not know 

172 



TllK 15 KC IN MX (I OF SAN JUAN. 

how Cliati'cc's iiicii felt alxtut ii, ikh- Imw Gonoral 
CliatiV'c liiinsolf felt about it, but 1 am inclined to be- 
lic\(' That he had been iiit'ectrd with the same doubts. 
For lie went alica<l and [)r('pared for battle exactly as if 
there were to be no brave and douii'hty leg'ionsof ('uban 
wai'riors to hel]) him win, ainb hitei', he went ahead and 
won just as if tliere had been iKine. Mxaetly as if there 
had lieen none, fur there were none. Tliat is, the Cuban 
troops were in the jxisition wliich had iieeii assi<>'ne(l 
to them, Imt tluy forgot to iire their uuns and they 
foriiot. to advance <in the enemy. Which indicates 
that bad memories, as well as dirt and fever, are annniii- 
the con-<titutional misfortunes of this down-trodden 
race. 

AVho planned the position which -was given to the 
Rough Riders on the niorning- of the 1st of July, I 
don't know. It indicated a strange disregard of the 
safety of the regiment which had already shown itself 
to l)e one of the best fighting machines that a modern 
army had ever held. The r(\giment was halted in the 
yard (d" the Kl Poso fai'mhou<e, and then (Jrimes's bat- 
tery was wheeled into position just a little in front (d" it. 
(irimes's battery had no smokeless powder. Every shot 
it fired was followed by a cloud of smoke large enough 
to furnish a good target even to sncdi inaccurate gunners 
as the Si)aniards. 

To the nnthiidving men in the ranks of the Rough 
Riders, the presence of the guns was a great comfort. 
I have heard it said by English officers of eminence, that 
if it were not for the comfort which the sight and sound 
of big guns give to the soldiei- armed with a rifle, and for 

173 



THE STOKY OF THE ROUGH EIDERS. 

the terror which the sight and isouiid of those same big 
guns inspire in the minds of the cnciiiv, it would not be 
worth whih' to take artillery on the ticld except where 
there were lieavv fortifications to Ix^ i-educed or a siege 
to be coiuhietecL For statistics show that artiUei'v is by 
no means proportionated^ fatal to tlie enemy with small 
arms. in othei* words, the <'annon are there for moral 
eifect while the ritles are therefor man Isilling pur])oses. 
The same English olHeers gi'eatly appreciate tli(> moral 
effect, howevei', and lia\-e full helief in the necessity of 
artillery. 

The moral eifect of (irimes's battery was strong in the 
Kongh Riders, mid tilled the hearts of them with glee. 
(Jrimes's battery tired ahont nineteen shots Ixd'ore the 
Spaniards answered. When the answer came it was 
directed with excellent aim at the clond (d' smoke whicdi 
hung over and ai-ound the American guns, and was, 
itself, fired with smokeless powder which gave the Amer- 
ican guns no target. 

Our first shot was fired while the men were eating 
breakfast, idiey could plainly see a S])anish blockhouse, 
and when they observed that either the fii'st or some 
succeeding shot had sti-uck this hlockhouse, they gatli- 
ered in little groups and they shouted wild western and 
college yells with the same enthnsiasm which afterwards 
carried them np San Juan Hill. The rejoicing of the 
Rough Riders over this shot was at the height of its 
intensity when the first Spanish shell was fired in answer. 
They heard the shot fired and then they heard for the 
first time in their lives the awfnl shriek of a shell's 
flight. They coidd not see it. but the growing sonnd of 

174 



TIIK BEGINNING OP SAN JUAN. 

its advance scciiied to conic toward tlicni so slowly that 
they looked against ti.e sky eai;cvly and anxiously as if 
they slionld see the hhiek l>all in relief against it. Like 
the jiassage of a nianinioth sky-rocket, hissing and howl- 
ing like a fiend of the ail', lliis first Spanish shell came 
to freeze the grins on the faces of" the Ivongh liiders and 
to sto]) nudway theii- screams of excited delight over 
what oni" shells had done. 

Tlieii the shell cxithxicd with a re]»or( whiidi is not 
like any otiici' rcpoi'f. And when it ex[)loded, it was 
in the nndst of the liongh Kiders and, as its smoke 
(deared away, it exposed to view two dead men, and seven 
Wounded men with a kind (d" wonnds wlii(di was new to 
the regiment. These were not the clean-cut Mauser 
holes whi(di had marked the unfortunates at Las Guasi- 
nuis. They were great jagged rents torn into the ([uiver- 
ing flesh hy rough-edged fragments of broken steel. And 
ther(^ was no more laughter. And there were no more 
shouts. AVar was grim again. Metre of their comrades 
were lying dead. The second hattle had hegun. 1die 
S])aiuards were really shooting to kill. 

It was the iirst time and the last time, during the caui- 
])aign, that there was anything like a stampede among 
the ivongh IJidei-s. it was the first time and the last 
time, during our war with S])ain, that they ever yielded 
an inch to Spanish shots of any kind. Hut tin's sludi 
was so unexpected and so di'endfid. that the UH'ti did not 
wait for tlu' word of comniand. 'I'hey ran scurrying 
away from the position whi(di they had heen (U'dered to 
occupy over the edg(^ of the hill to the right, where they 
showed their newly actpiireil respect for Spanish gun- 

175 



THE STORY UF THE liUL'GIl KlDEliS. 

nery bv keeping- cover until about half-past eight o'clock. 
1'he first shot from the American Ijatterv had been fired 
at six-forty, and the Spanish shell had shrieked its way 
into their midst at exactly seven o.'clock. 

Lieutenant-( Colonel Brodie asks nu^ to mciitioii Private 
Iliillister, of A 'I'l'oop. He was one of the men struck 
by the shell at Kl Poso. He was badly toi'u, but he 
l)artially recovered from his wound, thi'ougli his pure 
grit. Ihit he reco\'ere(| fi-om his wound only to die of 
typhoid fever. 

AVhik? they were at Kl Poso, a funny einsode was the 
strange manauivro of the First Cavalry. It moved i)ast 
tlicui with great enthusiasiu. It had oidy a discon- 
certingly short distance to go before it struck the Span- 
ish outposts, and the Rough Kiders knew this. They 
supposed, of course, that an attack on the foe was in- 
tended by the nioveineiit. Pi'oniptly on time, and exactly 
at the [)lace where the Spaniards were supposed to be, the 
First (^avalry ran into them. 1'he Ivough liiders were 
waiting for a l)attle royal, and more or less expecting 
that they would soon be involved themselves. But with 
a ])romptness which was only equal by the rapidity of 
their advance, the First Cavalry retired again to some 
uidvnown ])oint, and" the night grew still and peaceful, 
and the First Cavalry had marched up the hill, and then 
marched down again, as did the King of France in the 
nursery rhyme. 

It was nine o'clock before they received their orders 
to go forward. They had watched many regiments pass 
along the trail before their turn came, and they shared 
the experiences of the others when they finally de- 

176 



'IllK UK(ilXNlNG OF SAN J TAN. 

l)OiK'li('(l into it. 'I'licy found it as the others had, 
miuhlv, o\crcro\v(h'(l, and l>adlv niaiiaizcd. '1 he whole 
aniiv was iiio\-iiiii t'orwai'd in a line iiol imich wider ihau 
the one which the luiui;li Kich'rs ahme had toimd so iii- 
eoinenieiil when tliey niarcdied up to ( 1 iia>iiiias. 1 
mention thi-. hceausc the ai'iny had heeii inactive for 
seven (hi\s, and had had aniph' time to pi'epare for that 
advance hv cnttinu new trails thi'<*ni:h the jungle, so 
that tiiev could have entered the tield in half a dozen 




or a dozen plneos, instead of in only (^ue ]^lnee, on which 
it would liax'e been madness on the part of the enemy if 
they had not had their iiinis trained for days, (ieneral 
Chafl'ee recognized this, and spoke of it. Ihit (ieneral 
CMiatfee was not in couiniaud, so the Rouiiii Uider-^ stai-tcd 
down that ti'ail. as other regiments stai'ted down that 
trail, and when ten o'clock came they entei'e(| the zone 
of Spainsh tire as othei' regiments had and di<l enter the 
Spanish zone <>( tire that day. And they ctiuhl not reply 
any more than others could reply. And they were 

17'J 



THE 8TOEY OF THE ROUGH KIDEKS. 

woundcHl and killed ludplesbly and steadily as tlic men of 
other i-ciiinioiits were. 

And, with the other tr()()[)s who were iiiareheil need- 
lessly and stin)idly into that death trap, tlicy sutt'ered 
llironiiii the madness which sent n|> a niililai'_\' halloou 
at a [)la('e where t lie eiit ire .Vnieriean ai'niy in ( 'nha iiiust 
needs mandi nnder it or near it, and eateli the terriric fire 
whieh the Spanish unnners uf eonrse dii-cv-ted at so ad- 
mirable a tariiet. 

They were crossing a creek when they tirst felt the 
tire, 'idle water was about two feet deep, and many men 
were hit while they were wading in it. There was eon- 
siderahle (hinger thai the woninhMl men who fell in it 
would be (h'owned instead (d' dying pleasantly of their 
wounds as it is intemled that soldiers shall die, and the 
nu'ii who had first-aid ])ackages and who wei-e looking 
after the wonnded as well as they could, had their hands 
very busily employed. 

Colonel lioosevelt rode mounted to the right, and 
A\dien he saw the terrible^ slaughter that the balloon was 
bringing to the men who fcdlowed the route marked 
down foi- them, he took his nu'U out of it and around 
to the riglit so that they avoidc^l the worst of it, perhaps. 
The regiment finally halted while it was standing in the 
creek, 'idie men of 1) Troop M'ere waist dee]) and more 
in the water. The Spanish shells were whistling weirdly 
overhead and the blundering gas-bag was still there, as 
if it had been a signal shown to let the Spaniards know 
the position of our men. 

For half an hour the Rough Riders stood waiting 
there. Many of them had to keep their positions in the 

180 



'r 1 1 1-; ]5 K( ; 1 N N I N ( 1 < » f s a n .) i ' an. 

crook, and it is nut fun to stand lor lialf an hour in 
water, witli the tropical iilaro of the Culian sun beating 
down npon yonr licad, and its no loss stiHing reflection 
licatinu' nj) into your face and against yonr body from 
the water. if you add to those discomforts the con- 
tinual arrival of shells fired by hostile men, \vhi(di rijjped 
and tore the life out of ycmr comrades, while you looked 
imi)otently at their suffering and wondered how long 
it might 1)0 before you wore hit yourself, you will find 
that happiness is far distant and agony very near. Yet 
the irrepressible good spirits of the Hough Kiders did not 
des(M-t them oven hero. Th(\v would have been very 
nnudi more in evidence if the men had boon able to shoot 
ba(dv — if the pleasing consciousness that they were giv- 
ing S]iain as aood as she sent had been theirs; but still 
tlu'y laughed and joked and grimly guyed each other. 

Their next move was to the woods — the front frcuu 
whicli they hiter (diarged with their gallant colonel at 
their head and drove the Spaniards from San Juan TTill. 
This march covered a distance which I have heard 
estimated at half a nulo and whieli I have heard esti- 
mated at three miles. Probably the first figure is nearer 
right than the second. Tt is particularly surprising and 
not es]iocially pleasing to the writer of a book like this 
to tind that no two men see things alike in war time. My 
own remembrance of things I saw at (luasimas is as 
different from the remembrance of other men who saw 
the same things at the same time as the difference bo- 
twoon these two estimates of distanc<'. and the remem- 
brance of a third man sots both niyscdf and the other 
chap at fault. But all writers of battle history agree 

181 



THE STOKY OF THE KOUGII RIDERS. 

that the most frequent errors of those wlw see battles 
are on the side of exaggeration. At any rate, whether 
this march was long or short, everyone agrees that the 
weather was terrifically hot, and that the S[)anish fire was 
hotter. The country was cither clear or covered with 
low hushes which oifcrcd the men no pi-otection what- 
ever, and many of them went down lici'c as they had 
gone down at Las (luasimas. Tt seemed harder to be 
shot here, for not yet were our men able to fire a single 
answering shot at th(''S])aiiiar(ls wlio wci'c sending those 
^lausers singing into their i-anks. So great was the 
execution done in this short time, 1 am told, that the 
bandages of the fii'st-ai<l men wci'c wliolly exhansted 
bcfoi-c the men actually rcachod the front. 

The Itough Ridel's, ihrough ( 'dlonel Roosevelt's own 
good sense, and iKit through any niei'it of the orders 
under wliicli lie was acting, avoided the worst place that 
tlie American ai'niy fnund that day. rhcy' were not 
among the troo])s who ])<)nred tlirough the o])einng from 
that fatal frail down which most of o\ir li('l])h'ss men 
Avcnt into the plain where the Spaniards had studied out 
the range and only had to send their unanswered bullets 
into the mass of soldiers who were huddled there in a 
confusion which could have only been avoided by not 
sending them there at all. 

He took his regiment well over to the right to about 
the point in the line which it had been intended that 
he should occupy, but he did not take them by the route 
which he had been instructed to follow. When he got 
them there he placed them in the woods as well as he 
could. He made his men lie down while he stood up 

182 



'11 IK BEGINNING OF SAN JU^VN. 

or rode aromul on his liorrio. lie took eveiy chance 
ther(^ was, while h(^ allowed his men to take as few as 
possihh'. lie did niauv things to add to their hive of him 
hefore they proved it hy following him np the hill. But 
he could not give them the one privilege which they 
wanted more than they wanted anything else. He could 
not then give them the order to fire hack at the enemy 
which was killing them as pot-hunters kill wild rabbits. 
But by and by he gave them all the chance they 
wanted. 



183 



CHAPTER X. 

THE CHARGE 
OF SAN JUAN. 

Tlio iniddlo of the day had ])asrtcd before the men got 
their (diance. And here it is interesting to go over again 
that little list of lumgh Ridei- records, wliicli 1 Iuinc al- 
ready mentioned once or t\vic(^, hnt which is now getting 
so long that it deserves to he sjiol-cen of again. 

'Vhc, IJongh Uidei's were the lirst regiment to he oi'gan- 
ized of all the \()hiiiteers. 

'i'hey I'aiscd the first t1ag raised by the rnited States 
ai'uiy in ( 'nha. 

They lir('(| the tii'st slidt Wral in anger hy the army 
in ('idia, and they lost the lir-1 man shut hy the Span- 
iai'ds. 

And ndW comes the hist and hest of their recoi'd per- 
foi'iiiances. They led the army in the chai'ge np San 
J nan Hill. 

They lay there Avhere Tvoosevelt had led ihem, still 
taking the fire fi'om the S])aniards and still nnahle to 
retnrn it, that 1st of Jnly, with as good grace as any 
troops conhl liave shown nnder snch depressing and 
disheartening circnmstanees. Every once in a whih^ 
some one among them was sliot. It was one of the men 
who was wonnded there who made a remark as his com- 
izades started away, whicli is likely to go down into the 
history of the ntterances of wonnded men. 

184 



THE CllAUGE UF i^A>: J IAN. 

" Soovfli, l)oys! Scorch!'' lio isaid. " ^fj tire's 
])Uiict ui'imI/' 

The situation was, pcrliajis, the most exasperating 
thai troops can be called n})()n to endure. Several regi- 
niciits were ahead of the lvoui>h lliders, among tlicni tlie 
Ninth lu'gnlar Cavalry. This regiment is made up of 
colored men. I couuted its licutcnant-c()lonel — llannl- 
ton — among niv (h'arcst fi'iends, and was with his regi- 
ment more than 1 was with any other during the days 
l)receding onr departure from Tam])a. T know those 
negro troo])ers to he ln'avc men. and, iiKh'cd. they proved 
themselves to he among the best soldiers in the United 
States army, later that same day. (Colonel Hamilton 
was killed in the charge up San -I nan Hill, and his men 
lost very heavily. They were black heroes, every one 
of them. I5nt they lay ahead of the liongli TJiders and 
did not attenipl to go b(yond their orders, which were 
to lie there and wait for some one to tell them trom 
(ieneral Shafter to go ahead. 'i'liat ( 'olouel llannltoii 
was as bl•a^■e a man as Colonel Ivoixexclt. and as Itrave a 
man as any man e\'er was, 1 do not doubt for a inonient. 
l)ut his i-egular army training did not stand him in good 
stead that day. lie had been a soldier all his life and 
he did what a sohlii'r is su])])osed to do — he did wliat he 
was told to do. He had been told to wait. ( 'olonel 
Eoosevelt understood the necessity of obeying orders as 
well as Hamilton did, but Colonel Roosevelt had not 
been turned into a fighting machine by years of disci- 
pline, and he thought for hims(df when his sujierior offi- 
cers failed 1o think for him. Colonel Hannlton did not. 
So Colonel Roosevelt was the hero of San Tuan Hill, 

IS.') 



THE STOKV OF THE ROLTGU RIDERS. 

altliougii the opportunity for lieroism liad been before 
Colonel Hamilton just as long as it had been before 
Colonel Roosevelt. Hamilton, doubtless, saw the neces- 
sity for the charge as soon as Roosevelt did, but he 
waited for some superior to see it too. Roosevelt waited 
a i-casouablo time for his superiors to see it, and then he 
went ahead on his own hook. 

I did not see Colonel Roosevelt that day, of course, 
for I was lying wounded out on the hospital ship " Oliv- 
ette " otT Siboncy. ]>ut I can call to my miud a picture 
of him which 1 know is accurate. 

His face was streaming with perspiration and streaked 
with honest dirt. His famous teeth were prominent and 
bared constantly by those nervous twitchiugs of his face 
which always accompany whatever he says. They were, 
])i'obably, very often aud v(m-v griudy closed that dav — 
those teeth — and it is cci-taiu lliat in tlie excitciiicnt of 
it all he bit his words off ^\•ith moi'c alu'iipf iic<s and de- 
termination than he usually does. And that is saying 
much. For Roosevelt always talks as if he were trying to 
give each woi'd a farewell l)ite l)efoi-e it leaves his mouth, 
and ends it suddenly with snap. His hair hung in wet 
wisps down his forehead. Most of the officers in Cuba 
had their hair cut as short as possible. Roosevelt wore 
his a little longer than usual. He had on no jacket, and 
his shirt was soaked with sweat. He did not wear cav- 
alry boots, but had on russet shoes which had wholly 
taken on the color of the Cuban mud, and ordinary cav- 
alry leggings such as are served out to the troops at 
thirty-one cents a pair. His riding breeches were of 
khaki, which, when it is clean, is a pretty soft brown. 

186 



THE CHARGE OF vSAN JUiUST. 

But hi^ WQYO not clean. Tliev were wet and llicv were 
covered with ii'reat spots of C'iil»an imid and <)ther dirt. 
It is nidikclv lliat lie had taken ihcni oil" the niiiht Ix'- 
fore al alL lint ihcy were no dii'ticr than his campaign 
hat, wliich was I'nll of lioles cut l)v an obliging trooper 
for the ventihition of the colonel's head. From the back 
of it a Idnc liaiKhina handkerchief with white spots Inmg 
down to shield his neck from snn. This the colonel al- 
ways won^ on his hat after the first l)attle, where he had 
it tied aronnd his neck. It was the battle Hag of San 
Jnan, and I (hmbt if anv man who was at San Jnan Hill 
will ever 1)0 able to see one like it Avithont wanting to 
cheer, lioosevelt had sewed his shonldcr straps to his 
shirt, bnt one of them had come ofl' and the other hnng 
loosely tlo})ping at cme end in imnnnent danger of being 
lost as the colomd's wiry shonlder jerked nervonslv. 

I know jnst hdw he stood there as he tni'iied to his 
men and shonted, '" We'll have to take that hill/' and 
how they shouted it back along th(> line, " We'll have to 
take that hill." and everyone took the colonel's words up 
and cried, " We'll have to take thai hill." 

.Vnd then they took it. 

Tn front of Colonel Roosevelt's command, ns I have 
said, was the Xinth Cavalry. TTaniilton did not move 
them. Ivoosevelt, finding them in his way, shouted: 

" If you're not going up, get out of my way, for I am. ' 

They made no signs of advancing, so he mounted and 
rushed into their rear, shouting to them to nuike way 
for the Ivough lliders. The surprised darkies did not 
know what to make of this unexpected whirlwiml which 
was pushing and shoving its way through them, but they 

187 



THE STORY OF THE liOL(;ii lilDEKS. 

parted and let it pass. After it had gone l)_v, the eolored 
men fell in \\ith \\ic\v ofiieers at their head and were 
the second regiment np the hill. ITamilton Avas killed 
in tlu^ (*hari>e. I'he ofhcers of the Ninth felt, at tirst, a 
littk' cliagriiied at what Hoosovelt had done, and were 
inclined to criticise him for it, hnt this feelino- soon gave 
way to one of honest and ontspoken admiration for the 
man w ho had had the nerve to set military rnles at defi- 
ance and \vhi[) the enemy in spite of his own sn])evior 
officers. AVith the Xintli W'ent two companies of the 
Seventy-first jSTcav York, a regiment of gallant men who 
have been criticised as the men in the ranks really do not 
deserve to he criticised, becanse some of their officers 
flnnked. 

Roosevelt w(>nt monnted, waving Ins sword in the air. 
1 fancy he looked a good deal more like the jtictnres of 
fighting men charging, than officers very often do. lie 
mnst have made the kind of a sight that won Id have 
delighted the eyes of any of the famous paintcn-s of l)attle 
scenes. If Detailie or Meissoniei' conld have seen him 
they wonld |)rol»;iMy have felt that they had seen the 
one thing that they had been longing all their lives to 
see. 

The ground was nneven and he had to pay some atten- 
tion to his horse, which slipped and stumbled several 
times before he reached the barbed-ware fence which, at 
last, forced the colonel to abandon him. Koosevelt 
would have preferred to go u]) that hill on foot instead 
of riding up on his horse, for several reasons. Chief of 
these is the fact that he was the only mounted man on 
the whole field, and was, therefore, a bright and shining 

188 








M 




TIIK ClIAHCE OF SAN JUAN. 

mark for Spanish Inillcts. Xow no man likos to take 
an iinueeestiary risk, no matter liow willini;' he may l)c to 
ex]iose himself to such danger as legitimately l)elongs to 
him in tlie eonrso of duty. It is not likely that (Jolonel 
Ivoosevelt (■njoyc(j the I'calizalion thai he was the very 
liiiiucst target nil the whole field of battle for Spanish 
Imllcts to he aimed at. A'or was it at all pleasant to 
have to wateli his horse's steps and urge him and en- 
courage him when he wanted to look arouii<K as he coiild 
have looked around if he had heeii walking instead of 
riding, to see how his men were acting and whether they 
were following him as rapidly and as closely as he conld 
have wished. But Roosevelt has always been known as 
a man of lightning thought, and liefore he mounted at all 
that day, he realized in a flash that a leader on horseback, 
brandishing his sword and going like the devil up that 
hill, would be easici- for the men to follow, and more 
inspiring to them, than a leadei- walking, who could 
only go as fast as they could, and who would very likely 
be so winded by the physical exc^'tion of climbing that 
he would be unable to shout his ord(>rs so that they could 
be heard. 

Tt has been said that Tloosevclt's horse was shot under 
him that day. This is a mistake. Several officers' horses 
were shot while their owners were mounted on them 
before the day was over, but Roosevelt's was not one of 
these. The animal was hit by a piece of a shell, but the 
wound was very slight. He is now enjoying well-earned 
rest and pampered luxury in the colonel's stables at 
Oyster Ray, Long Island. 

The barl)ed-wire fence was a bad place. It stopped 
191 



THE STOKY OF TIIK KOI CII KIDKRS. 

Colonel riooscvc'lt aiul it stojjpcd tlic men wlio were com- 
ing- after liini. iJefore that tiicv had sti'augh'd along 
separately and slowly. They euuld iiol <lash. The hill 
was too rongh, and they were too tired, and the weather 
was too hot for them tn make a wild rush and get there 
qniek. They went iij) slowlx and hihoridiisjy. It was 
mighty hard work — it would lia\c been mighty hard 





e\'en if the men at the top of the 
hill in the ti-enehes had not been 
pouring steel death messengers 
down at them with <lesperate 
earnestness. The ascent they 
were making was not nnditary. 
They had no right, aeeoi-ding t(> 

the ideas of tacticians, to go np that hill as they did, 
so long as tliey A\-ere not backed up by artillery. Ihit 
they struggled along without any military foi'mati(Hi 
nntil they reacdied this barbed-wire fence. The first men 
who had wire nippers cut it as quickly as they could, 
but the pause had been long enough to allow other men 
to come up, until tluy were hunched there, and this 
offered the Spaniards a ])etter chance for shooting than 

193 



TIIK CHARGE OF SAN JU.VN. 

tlicv had had before. They took advantage of it. There 
wei'e as niaiiy men of our reiiiniciit hit in that huddh' 
tliei'e as were hit in all the places else on the hill put 
toiicther. 

As soon as Koosevelt, now dismounted, had ])assed the 
barlicd-wire fence he said the only harsh thiiiii,' which 
lie said to his men duriiii;' tlu^ entire canii)aia,ii. lie 
Inrned around and shouted back at the crowd who were 
toilini;' alone,- after him: 

" If any man runs I'll shoot liim myself." 

it hurt the men to hear him say such a thing', for 
there was no one there who had the slightest thought 
of I'uuning. They felt better a moment after when he 
added, tactfully: 

" .Vnd r won't have to shoot any of my own men 
either,'' hut ho was. sorry he had said anything of the 
kind, and tliev were sorry they had heard him, although 
they all realized that when a man is laboring under such 
excitement as Koosevelt was at that moment, it is im- 
possible for him to pick and choose his words as he would 
if he wei'e in a drawing-room, or even in a military camp. 
At any rate, of course, no one ran and so Koosevelt did 
not have to shoot anybody. 

Perhaps it is not quite accurate for me to call this part 
of the battle the "Charge up San Juan Hill," for this 
hill was not properly a ])art of San Juan Hill. It -was a 
little preceding hill, and between it and San Juan Hill 
]u-oper was a slight dejn-ession containing a shallow pond 
of water. At the top of this first hill were some large 
sugar kettles, so the regiment named it " Kettle Hill," 
so that in speaking of it they could differentiate between 
13 193 



THE STORY OF THE ROUGH RIDERS. 

it and San Jnan Hill. Here the Rongli Riders put in 
Avhat was, by all odds, the hardest part of their fighting, 
and lost far more men than they did after they began to 
ascend the eminence after which the battle is named. 
The bullets flew like bees around those kettles and like 
bees they were very busy. But they were not gathering 
honey. They were spilling blood. Not less than a 
dozen of the Rough Riders went down here, and several 
were killed outright. It is said that the tire slacked 
up slightly after our men reached the top of this first 
hill, and that the Spaniards began to evacuate their main 
trenches without waiting for us to come farther. I 
could easily devote a chapter to the little incidents which 
happened at this very part of the charge. But I will 
limit myself to one. 

Captain - Bucky " O'Xeill was killed. He had led 
his troop with great gallantry so far. It will be remem- 
bered that he was the Rough Rider who so bravely 
risked his life at Daiquiri in an effort to save the drown- 
ing troopers of the Tenth Cavalry, who had fallen off 
the skeleton pier. 

O'Neill's death was thus described by his first ser- 
geant. 

" O'Neill directed us to march at intervals of twelve 
feet. 

" ' There will be fewer of you hurt.' 

" We went north and then down into the sunken 
road. It was terrible hot down there, but it was much 
worse when we got in the open field. Bullets from 
the blockhouse and from the trenches swept clown upon 
us constantly. "\Ye came to a barbed-wire fence; it 

194 



THE CHARGE OF SAN JL'AN. 

looked ;is if it were goiiii;- to stoj) us, heeanse for some 
reason none of lis who reached it first had wire nippers, 
but we beat it down with the butts of owv carbines, ami 
scrambled over the jirostrate wires. 

" 'ilicn we lav do\\ii and lircd, but ()".\cill stood u|) 
straight, and told us not to get rattled, but to lire steady, 
and kill a Spaniard every time we shot. Then we made 
a rush. Troo]) K came up behind us, and we lay down 
again to tire, but O'Xeill walked cheerfully up and 
down the line talking to us. Lieutenant Kane cried out: 

" ' Get down, O'jSTeill. There's no use exposing your- 
self in that way.' 

" O'lSTcill turned and laughed, and said: 

"' Aw-w! 'Idle Spanish bullet has not been moulded 
that can hit me! ' 

"And then one hit him in the mouth and killed liini." 

Roosevelt led his men down the little descent at the 
other side of Kettle Hill, still waving his sabre and shout- 
ing encouragingly at them. Just as they api)roached 
the edge of the little pond something — either a bullet 
or a piece of shell — struck him on the back of the haiul 
and made a slight wound. ihat moment Ivoosevelt was 
the ha])piest man in ( "uba. lie was mighty glad of the 
Wound and. incidentally, probably, mighty glad 'hat it 
was no worse. 

He waved his hand pi'ondly in the aii' >o thai the men 
wdio were near enough t(» him coidd sc(> the blood, and 
shouted : 

" Tve got it, boys! I've got it ! " 

Then he turned to a wounded man wdio was not far 
away, and cried, laughingly: 

195 



THE STORY OF THE ROUGH RIDERS. 

" You needn't be so damued proud." 

Tlirongli the water of the pond he waded witli great 
strides. Once he stnnibled and almost fell, but recov- 
ered himself quickly and kept on. By this time the 
inspiration of tlie Kongli Riders' chari;e had infected the 
whole army, and half a dozen regiments were s})ringing 
forward all along the line. The Spaniards saw this and 
were frightencMl. There was never, for a moment, any 
dotilit as to the iiltiiiiatc niitciime of tiic tiglit. for the 
Americans greatly outnumbered theii' adversaries; but 
there probably was never a jdace where in so short a time 
so many bullets were fired at so few men. as were poured 
down at the liougli Riders during their eliarge. Ihit 
they never iiinched. 1 have been told by a Spanish 
officer that the Spaniards were so lost in their sur])i'ise 
that they forgot to fire, hut if any forgot to fire we did 
not miss theii- bullets. Our men wei'e able to get along 
without them. The whole thing, however, seemed in- 
credible. 15y this time the men had se])arated again as 
they were at first, and each man was ] licking his own 
route without nuiking any pretence at keeping alignment 
or doing anything but get up that hill, firing a shot oc- 
casionally Avhen he felt that he could afi^ord the time to 
stop and shoot, which was not often. 

The w^ork w^as slow — painfully slow. By this time 
the combination of heat, exertion, and excitement had 
made the men feel as if they had already done a pretty 
hard day's work. They struggled and puffed. Once 
in a while one of them would " get it." The efi^ect of 
the bullets on that upward slope was curious. Some- 
times — when a man was hit in an outstretched arm, for 

106 



■rilK dlAllGE OF SAX .J I AN. 

iiishiiK'c, or in I lie cxti'diic oiitcr slioiiklcr, he WDuld 
whirl i>;irt of the \v;i_v antiuul hcfore he feU. But fall 
he wouhh aiKJ since I liavo seen men fall with Manser 
hullets in them. 1 shall never feel that anyone else I see 
go down really does the task eompletely. The shock 
of sneh treniendmi^ly lii<ih-s])eed ])rojectiles seems to 
completely paralyze the motor nerves — the nerves which 
transmit the impulse of contraction and expansion from 
the hraiu to the muscles — and thus every muscle be- 
comes instantaneously and c()m]iletely linij). The men 
went down, literally, like wet rags. Some of them re- 
gained their control over their muscles almost at once, 
and got u]) again, either to go on toward those spitti.ig 
rille-pits at the top of the hill, or (ds(» to drop back again 
to the ground from the pain ot" theii' wounds. Xot one 
Wounded man, so nuniy people who were there have told 
nie, e\'eii in his agonies, tried to walk or crawl back to- 
wards the rear. 

The men took theii' \\(»unds as cheerfully at San duan 
as tluy had taken them at Gnasimas. 1 have talked 
with the two tii'st-aid men who jtrobably did more work 
among the liougli ]iidcrs that day than any others, and 
they tell me the same story of " no complaints '' from 
the Wounded. Xever in any battle in any land c<^nld 
the men inxdh'ed have shown a more admirable spirit. 
Xever could they have shown an eye more single to the 
accomidishment of their duty and more blind to their 
own pains and hardships. 

F]\ u]>. up, they went— slowly, ])ainfully, straining 
every nerve, ci'acking every nius(de. The sun beat on 
their heads and nuule them faint, but valor beat in their 

197 



THE STORY OF THE ROUGH RIDERS. 

liearts and iiuulc tlieiu stroiii;'. It may l)o boeanse T liad 
been with the Rough Riders when 1 met \n\ own disaster 
that 1 feel so strongly on the subjeet, but it seems to me 
this moment as if 1. would rather have seen that regiment, 
crawling like warlike ants up tliat hill from which the 
little deadly spikes of fire were sending dcatli at them, 
than to have seen any other sight in all the world. 

John Foster, of B Troo]), was the <mlv American 
soldier who came near enough to the Spaniards to make 
a hand-to-hand fight necessai'v. lie killed one with 
the butt of his rifle. 

The trenches at the top of the hill were literally full 
of dead enemies. They had had all the advantages of 
position and intrenehnieuts, but, notwithstanding reports 
to the coutrai'v, tluy were ,ureatly outnuudx'ved, and 
knew from the beginning when they saw oiir men start- 
ing in swarms out of the woods that the battle could have 
only one result. It does not detract from, but rather 
adds, to the glory of the fighting done l)y our men to give 
the devil his due. and say that the soldiers of Spain 
showed a dogged courage and grim determination to kill 
as many Yankees as they could as they hopelessly fired, 
fired, fired, from theii- trenches up there — a brayery 
which was only exceeded in its glory by the dogged per- 
sistence of our own men who went np against them. 

The objective point of Roosevelt's charge was a block- 
house. Its nasty little loopholes had been spitting fire 
at him and killing his men during the entire w(\ary, 
dreadful climl). There were five troopers with him 
when he reached it. INFost of the Spaniards who had 
occupied it had been killed. All of the others, except 

198 



THE C'llAliC.E OF SAX J TAN. 

one, liad run dvcr to llic riiilit when they saw our iiicii 
getting so near that hope was gone. Bnt tliis one Span- 
iard stayed where he was, and with a grim, set face, cou- 
tinued to fire. Some one ealh'd on liim to snrrender. 
lie answered with another shut. lioosevelt's revolver 
was in his hand. He raised it with deliberate aim and 
killed the Spaniard. Afterwards he said that lie was 
sorry the man had not been an American. 

"It was a ])ity to kill so brave a man as he," he said. 

Bnt the work was not over. On the next hill of the 
little chain, over to the right, the Spaniards who had run 
away from the one which Roosevelt now held, were with 
the men who had been there all the time in the trenches. 
They must l)e driven ])aek. A little conference was 
held, and Roosevelt said he would take that hill too. 
Ft was agreed that this further advance couhl oidy be 
made at the expense of many lives, and there were those 
among onr officers who did not think the game was worth 
the candle. Roosevelt was not a half-way soldier any 
more than he had been a half-way ])oliee eommissionei'. 
or any more thnii he is now a half-way governor. He 
niad<^ np his mind to finish the job lie had so well begun, 
and turned to the men who were around him. 

" AVh(»'ll follow me^ " he demanded. 

With that he jumped out. For a moment it looked 
as if the Rough liiders might have had enough, for only 
five men sprang in behind him. Three of these fell at 
once. Roosevelt stood there with but two living fol- 
lowers. He went back. 

"I thought YOU would follow nie," ho said, terribly 
grieved. 

199 



THE STORY OF THE ROUGH RIDERS. 

" We'll follow yoii to lioll," somcono cried out. '' We 
didn't hear you, colonel." 

He sprang- ont once more and there were three hun- 
dred men behind him this time. 

The spirit of tlie Spaniards was gone. The terrible 
Americans were after them again. The task was not a 
hard one. They fled in terror. 

And Roosevelt and his men were on the position 
which they occui)ied until the end of the fighting. 



900 



I 



CHAPTER XI. 

THE MEN WHO DIED. 

There are few men in William O'XoiU's troop wliose 
eyes do not fill when they think of him. O'lSTeill was 
the biggest, handsomest, laziest officer in the regiment. 
ITis good-nature knew no bounds. lie tried to keep np 
a strict military discipline among his men, but they did 
more to keep it up than he did, simply because they knew 
he wautcd them to, and because they knew that he would 
never 1)0 harsh enough to them to demand it. Tliey had 
the greatest desire \o make his troop the model troop of 
the regiment, and (l('s])it(' the free and easy, opcu-Iicavtcd 
way in which O'Neill commanded it, it was certainly one 
of the best. He was always known as " Bucky." 

No man had ever felt more certain that he would not 
be killed, or even hurt iu battle, than O'Xeill did Ken- 
neth Harris, who was CNeill's bunk-mate, says that the 
captain had decided to remain in Cuba after th(^ war was 
over. Poor captain I he did remain in Cuba, but not iu 
the way he intended to. 

Xo man could have been more unselfish than OWeill 
was. He did everything for his men and very little 
for himself. He rather hated to have them salut(> him 
than otherwise. He always dreaded the possil)ility of 
taking advantage of his rank. 

jSTothing could have been finiM- than tlic way he 

203 



THE STOKY OV THE ROUGH RIDERS. 

jumped oft" the skeleton pier at Daiquiri in liis efforts 
to save the drowiiini;- troopers. He risked his life with- 
out a second's hesitation, and laui;]ied about it after- 
wards. He was always sayiuii that uobody could kill 
liini, and said tliat lie coulihTt drown any more than he 
could die by Spanish bullets. He didn't drown. 

AVlien we got to Siboney, on that never-to-be-forg'otten 
uiiilit of June ^-'kl, it rained, as T have already said in 
another <'h;ii)tci'. All the men were tired. The cook 
of CNeilFs ti-()0|) was especially worn out, and 
Hucky seeiuii' it, went u]) to him aud told him that he 
didu't waut any snpper, aud should not eat it if he 
cooked it. 

" Why? " asked the amazed trooper. 

" It's a damn slunne to ask you to cook," said liucky; 
" you're too tii-e*]." 

Captain Ducky OWcill hud the best su])|)er in (^\\]y,\ 
that uiiiht. 

Later, after he had lain down with Harris under their 
doii' teut, he went sonu'where, and dragged out a canvas 
wagon cov(n-. It was raining pitchforks, and Harris' 
bedding was soaked. Harris protested at O'lSTeill's us- 
ing the few moments of possible sleep in this way. 
0']^eill arranged the M'agon cover so tliat it kept Harris 
perfectly dry, and replied: 

" Don't imagine that I do it on your account, yon 
irritable brute, and stop swearing or I'll put yon 
under arrest. T want to kee]i the beddiug drv, that's 
all." 

Then he disappeared again. When he returned he 
shoved something like a pil]oii:-*rnder Harris's head. It 

204 



Tllfc: MEN WHO DIKD. 

was, [)i'<»l)al)ly, a small ciisliidii Irmii one oi the naval 
lainu'lics. Harris kicked again, and Uucky said: 

" Shut up, vou incorrigible scoundrel. I've got one 
myself. Xow go to sleep." 

Harris reached over in llic dark, aiul Idt a coiled car- 
tridge helt and a canteen under O'-Neill's Lead. 

It is said that he was known as " Ijucky " hecausc 
there ncwr was a game so hard that he would jiesitati; 
to " huck up '' against it. 

]]ucky cond)ined his gand)ling propensities and his 
patriotism one day in a remark wdiich will, probably, go 
down into history. Some one was saying that the Span- 
iards greatly ontnundx'red ns, and that it was a terrible 
gamble to send our troops into the fever-stricken country 
against them. 

"Is it?" said Hucky. *' AVho would not gand)le for 
a new star in the flag? " 

J>ut I>ucky's belief in his own Inck was serene and 
nnchangeable. He had so many times escaped death 
at the liands of border rufHans, that it was perfectly 
natural for him to stau<l up while otiiers were lying down 
at San Jnan, and to shoot wlien they called npon him to 
take cover. 

"The Spanish liullet lias not l)eeu moulded that can 
kill me." 

Then it was, as T have said before, that a Spanish 
bullet, which had been monlded, strnck him in the 
mouth and killed him. 

Tie was born in St. Louis in 18G0. ITe was graduated 
from the jSTational Law School at "Washington. He 
wanted to go into the army, and was a]ipointed a pay- 

205 



THE STOKY OF THE ROUGH RIDEKS. 

master, but his commission did not oomo alono; soon 
enough to suit his impatient nature, and he went to 
Arizona. He became a successful newspaper man, con- 
ducting the Arizona Miner, the Phoenix Herald, and 
Hoof and Horn, with profit. He gave up journalism 
when he was elected judge of Yavapai County. He 
served three terms as shcn-ift' of this county, and was 
known as its best armed man, and readiest shot. At this 
period he was Bret Harte's ideal of Western desperado. 
No matter how hopeless the circumstances might be, he 
never permitted his voice to rise above a quiet drawl, 
jiiid liis calm bhie eyes showed never a suggestion of 
excitement. He was the kind of man who might shoot 
another if it seemed at all advisable, but if he had ever 
been called upon to do it he would have do7io it coolly 
and witlt perfect courtesy. "I beg your i):irdon, but 
I've got to kill you," might vei-y A\'ell have been his 
formula. 

Three times he was a Congressional candidate, but he 
v/as always on tlie wi'ong side of the ])o]itical fence and 
was always badly Ixuiten. Fiually he was elected Mayor 
of Prescott. When they came to count up the votes, 
they found that his rival had received only one. 

O'Neill afterwards admitted that lie Inid cjist that 
himself. 

" I could see," said he, '' that the poor fellow was going 
to feel right bad if he didn't get any vote at all." 

When the war broke out, he got his troop together 
so quickly that President McKinlcy sent him a personal 
letter of thanks. 

He left a charming wife l)ehind him, and during the 
306 



THE MEN WHO KIKD. 

(lays before his death, wliilc the mcii were lyiiii;- in the 
treiielies, cut oli" from mail (•(.iiiiiiimicati(>ii> with any- 
where, lie wrote to her every (hiy. 

" I never failed to yet w hen I was away trinii home," 
he said, " and wliih' I i'r('\ |)retty certain that she'll never 
get the lett(>rs, I'm going to write 'em just the same." 

So nmcli has been written aliout Hamilton Fish that, 
perhaps, I have no right to devote inncli space to the 
<leath of this brave ycning Xew ^'orker here. Fish always 
craved excitement and always managed to get it in some 
way, and the manner in which he sought it, j)articularly 
when he was at home in Xew York City, was sometimes 
criticised. But no one ever said, in my hearing, that 
" Ham " Fish was ever worse than thoughtless and im- 
pulsive, lie harmed no one but himself, and was the 
idol of his acquaintances. lie made an ideal soldier, 
and went to his death with cool and cheerful heroism. 

He was one of the few men I have ever known of who 
expected to l)e killed before they entered their fatal bat- 
tles. Fish felt ])erfectly certain that he was going to 
die. The morning of the fight he insisted on having an 
especially good breakfast, because he said that it would 
be his last breakfast. Fie had toted a eai: of tomatot^s 
all the way from Daicpnri to Siboney, and his Itunkie 
was inclined to be economical in the eating tliei'eot. 

"Oh, let's have some more," said Fish, •' it's my la>t 
breakfast." 

Fie w^as transferred to L Troop the night before the 
regiment sailed from Tam]ia because he wanted to tight 
under Captain Cajn'on.' They were not twenty feet 
apart wheti they were shot. Capron made him sergeant 

'.'07 



THE STOKY OF THE ROUGH KIDEKS. 

of the scjuiul fruiii Muskogee, Iiidinu Tci'ritorv. Those 
Icllows Idvcd him. 

J\I;iH)ii ^litchell paid a prelly tribute to hiui, wheu 
he told of his love for miimals. Auvthiuii' that breathed 
and was duiul), appealed to the verv best that thei'e was 
iu him. At San Antonio, he was given one of the worst 
animals in tliat collection of wild and wicked brutes. 
This beast was unbroken, and had been shunned even by 
tlic most exjiei't cow-puiichers in the outtil. Day after 
(hiy I" i>li woi-kcd at him with unvarying and patient 
kindness. At first the animal threw him, but by the 
time they said good-by to each other, when the horses 
were hd't behind at Tam|)a, lie would follow Fish ai'(»iiiid 
like a dog, and Fish was beginning to teach him ti-jcks. 
In the nieautiuie the animal's dis])osition had not 
changed in the least toward other men. lie was (piitc; 
as vicious with everyom' but Fish, as he had l)een at 
the start. 

Just before wo started u]) the hill he threw away a new 
})air of shoes, saying that he woidd ne\-er need them any 
moi'e. lie had some extra underwear, too, and an extra 
shirt. These he gave to some of his companions, ixt- 
niarking clieerfnlly, as he did so, that he wouldn't need 
them after the l)attle, for dead men did not often change 
their clothes. 

I have already ?aid that his body has been removed 
from Cuba, and now lies at (iarrison's, Xew York. 

During the stay at San Antonio, Fish saw^ a crowd of 
men surrounding two fighting dogs. lie slouched 
surlily in and stopped the fight. One of the dogs was 
badly hurt, and he took him to his tent. There 

208 • 



THE MEX WHO DlKl). 

lie Landaged his wounds, and gave liini his own snp- 
per. 

While I am writing of the men who died, it pleases 
me to briefly mention the patriotism of the father of one 
of tluMu. He was E. G. Norton, of Enstis, Elorida. 
lie had two sons, Edward and Oliver, in B Troop. Ed. 
was a corporal; Oliver, who had been a medical student 
in Chicago before he joined, was killed. His father 
heard of it and at once sent down to Santiago his son, 
Gould G. In the letter which ho sent with him, to 
Captain ^IcClintock, he said: 

" This is my third son. I send him to you to take the 
place of my son Oliver, who was killed. It is religion 
with the iSTortons to serve their country." 

It is needless to say that E. G. Norton was a Union 
soldier. 

Gerard Merrick Ives, of Troop K, was one of the men 
who were left at Tampa. He was taken sick there with 
typhoid, and brought North to New York, where he 
died. He was the son of the sculptor who made the 
famous statues of Sherman and Trumbull, now at Wash- 
ington. 

Out in Tort Sill, Oklahoma, a little woman received 
a parcel five or six weeks after the battle of Las 
Guasimas. In it were all that she will ever see again 
that Captain Capron, her gallant husband, carried into 
that memorable fight. The parcel contained a dirty 
gray campaign hat and a ])air of sliouldcr straps. Both 
were blood-stained. They wvw wrapped in such torn 
fragments of pa]icr as coidd l)e found near the field 
hospital where he died, and around the whole a piece 
14 209 



THE STORY OF THE ROUGH RIDERS. 

of a soldier's tunic was tied with a strand of Spanish 
A\'ire. 

The dead on the fickl of San Juan were buried ahnost 
where thev fell llie field is dotted with little tomb- 
stones, erected by (icueral Wood, and as Governor of 
Santiai>-o he keeps a patrol constantly on the field to look 
after them, night and day. 




210 



CHAPTER XII. 

AFTER THE FIGHTING 
WAS OVER. 

AVitli the days in the trenches which followed tlie day 
of the charge, the fighting ceased. Whether our men had 
" got enongh " or not, they had had all there was to be 
had, and they had fought as hard, and fought as well, and 




.■ij:»i-^^ 



Grmdintj their Coffee. 



fonglit as fearlessly, as the most sanguine of them ex- 
pected the regiment to tiglit when tliat regimental cry 
was invented in San .Vntouio. 

The days in the trenches np to the time of the sur- 
render were weary ones. There was the Pame old suc- 
cession of tropical raius and burning suns. There was 
digging to do, and there were sanitary pains to take which 
made the men wish that the monotony of armistices 
would cease, and the variety and excitement of battle be- 

211 



THE STOEr OF THE ROUGH RIDERS. 

gin again. Xo one was ever, for a moment, comfortable 
except by accident. The rations were scanty and bad. 
If the men had coffee they had to beat the beans up on 
stones with the bntts of their revolvers or with other 
stones so that they wonld cook. 'J'oltacco was not to be 
had at any price, altlioiigh there was ])lonty of it out on 
some of the transports. 

All kinds of rumors were afloat. It was said tliat the 
Spaniards wwr being star\cd out, and that they couM 
fight no more; inch'cd the news that came to the men 
from occasional refugees was sufficiently dctinitc on this 
subject of starvation to make it certain. The men ha<l 
fonght witli the S])aniards, though, and had acdiicved a 
wholesome res])ect tor them which mack' them think tliat 
all the truces and all the talk of surrender were used to 
cloak a Spanish ivick of some kijid, and tiny had little 
belief that the active fighting of the cam])aign was over. 

Already the news of Shafter's famous telegram to 
AVashington liad Ix^en told and retold in the camp. He 
did not worry and fret about liis '' thin lines," and tell 
the President that he might have to retire five miles on 
the morning of July second, just after our army had 
made one of the most gallant and successful charges in 
the history of warfare, without the knowledge of the 
private soldiers. It is rarely a commanding general's 
fortune to hide his feelings or his plans from the men 
beneath him. jSTo matter how carefully he guards his 
secrets the men in the tents are likely to be discussing 
them before the ink on the paper to which he has com- 
mitted tliem is dry. And it Avas so with Shafter. The 
men in the ranks of the Rough Riders knew that he Avas 

212 



AFTKH 'I'llE FIGHTlNd WAS OVKK. 

^v^lTIo(l niid ih.il 1h' thought seriously of rrtroat. It 
was the uicn who liad made the fig'ht, it was tlie men who 
had hk'd and die(l in it, and it was the men who were 
not afraid. I he thought of going l)a(d< aftei- what they 
hat! won, tlHed theui witli distre-s and slianie. 'iduy had 
been the siitt'erers at the start, and if anything worse 
than what had ali'eady hai)i)ened sliotdd come again. 
they Would a second time l)e sulVei'crs. It was at thi> 
time that tlie ])rivate soldiers in tlie Rongh lliders began 
to feel like jeering wlicn the name of the major-general 
commanding was s]xiken in their hearing — a feeling 
which still exists in the hearts (d' most (d" them. 

I have been told that 1 have no right to criticise Gen- 
eral Shafter, becanse 1 did not see the things for which 
I have criticised him in ]n-ivate and on the lectnre plat- 
foi-m. I was lying on the hospital shij) when most oi 
them occurred, but 1 was uot lying on the hospital ship 
when he hd't the artilleiw and the audiulauces at Tamita 
— 1 was there. 1 was not on the hospital ship when he 
disregarded the advice and the cai'cd'nlly laid plans of 
the navy, and landed at the wrong place — I was there. I 
Avas not lying on the hosi)ital ship when he sent the whole 
^Vniei'ican ai'uiy ashore over a pier which could have been 
boardetl in two hours but wasn't — -I was there and went 
over it myself. And becanse I was on the hosi)ital shii» 
during the events that followed, i know, perhaps, more 
about them than I would have known it' 1 bad been at 
the front. My acquaintance in the army and among 
the correspondents who were Avatching the army, was 
very large, and becanse of the fact that T was wounded 
and obviously nut of the business (d' the transmission of 

215 



THE STORY OF THE ROUGH RIDERS. 

news, mj acquaintances spoke very freely to me. It 
may be that they spoke more freely to me because the 
doctors thought that I was dying, and so they may have 
felt that they could unburden their minds to me and give 
themselves relief through me, without danger, on the 
theory that I would presently die, and dead men tell no 
tales. But, at any rate, they did come to me and they 
did tell uie what was going on, and I know they were 
not lying to me. 

Man after man jjoured talcs of Shafter's incom})('tence 
and Shafter's intense and unalterable egotism into my 
ears, and I worried about the American army. And I 
had cause to worry. There were transj)()rt ca])taiiis wlio 
came aboard the " Olivette " and said that they had tons 
of provisions <»n their ships and could not get orders to 
take them off. At the same time news from shore told 
of the terrible sufferings of the troops for lack of food. 
There were surgeons and hospital men who came ahoard 
and told how the hospitals on shore were handicapped 
by lack of medical supplies and orders which would en- 
force good sanitary conditions. On the " Olivette '"we 
did not suffer — we had a surplus that they were welcome 
to. Right here it is well to ]iay a little tribute to Major 
Appel, who commanded the hospital ship '' Olivette," on 
which I was as comfortable as any man could be in that 
(dimate, with a big liole in him and a part of his spine 
smashed up and thrown into the Caribbean Sea. Appel 
was not dearly loved by the men under him and was, 
unquestionably, a martinet in some ways. But what he 
needed, he got, and I fancy that he got it because he did 
not propose to let his superior officers handica]) him at 

216 



AJ'TKU TllK FKillTTNC WAS oVKM. 

the expense of the \\(iiiii<U'<l men on his ship. It is 
certain that throiiiih his eli'orts and the generosity of Mr. 
AV. Iv. Hearst, the owner and eVlitor of the Xew York 
Joiinial, Avho livnunlit o\'er, in some of his hoats, Ire- 
qnent cargoes of ice and other hni)i)lics from Jamaica for 
the sufferers on tlie " Olivette," pnreliased at his own 
expense and given free, witliont (daims on tlie govern- 
ment, the nun on onr boat got ah)iig as well as they 
could be expected to get along in the distressing circum- 
stances which surrounded them. 

But wliat Appel did was very different from what the 
heads of tlie hospitals which were more dii-cctly nnder 
Shaffer's supervision on shore were able to do. 

And here it is pleasant to place another recoi'd to the 
list of the Rough Rider's achievements. The first case 
of vellow fever developed during the night of June 25tli. 
T>urr ^FcTntosh was the victim. I have already spoken 
of him in connection with the time preceding the march 
to Siboney. When we were taken down to the shore T 
have fold how we were ])ut into a curious little shanty. 
It should have been burned by somebody's orders, but 
had been ]iermitt(Ml to remain standing despite the fact 
that Siboney had i)een known as a yellow fever nest in 
season. The navy had burned every building at Ouan- 
tanamo as a ]n'ecaution against fever infection, but 
Shafter had let these little shanties stand. AVe were 
taken into tlii< one. It was afterwanls learned that it 
had actually been used as a yellow fever hos]»ital dnring 
previous epidemics, and it is not at all im])robable that 
it contributed the first germs which afterward^ infected 
the whole army in Cuba. "Mcintosh's was the first case. 

217 



THE STORY OF THE HOUGH RIDEKS. 

Many came after it witli a rapidity wliicli was not less 
than startling. 

I remember distinctly the day when a correspondent 
came ont and whispered confidentially to me that there 
was a case of yelk)w fever ashore, and n(hh'(l that the 
story of it must he kept deathly qniet. I held it as a 
secret. Ihit witliin twelve honrs it was no secret, for 
there was not one cas(» hut a dozen, and the grim story of 
snffering and death from foes other than the Spaniards 
began to be telegraphed to all parts of the world. 

There was only one man who rose to tlie occasion after 
the military sitnation became such thai any man could 
rise to it. Of conrse, before the Sj)aniards snrrendered it 
woidd have been useless to talk about the withdrawal of 
our men from this dreadfnl danger tliat trembled threat- 
eningly over tlicm in each of the miasmatic mists that 
rose by night; that shook its dreadfnl yellow fists at them 
from every thicket; that clas]>cd their necks with baby 
arms when tlicy hel]ied the children of the ('uban refn- 
gees to go back home from El ('amy; that threw out 
grasping tentacles from every ])nil(ling that had been 
allowed to stand after the arrival of the invading army. 

But after the surrender came and the war was over, 
at least in that part of Cuba, there was no disposition on 
the part of the commanding general to take the troops 
away from the menace of the fever. The shanties at 
Siboney from which the plague had, in all human prob- 
ability, started, were burned at last on the order of Gen- 
eral Miles, l)ut still the army was uselessly held there 
to suffer and to die, at the mercy of a foe whom bullets 
would not reach as they had reached tlie vanquished 

218 



AFTKIi TllK FIGHTIN(J AVA.S UVKH. 

Spaniards, mid wliicli fought iinccasiiioly — bv night, l)y 
day, without ahiniis, hut always there and always win- 
ning' victories. 

It was at this point that the recoi-d-niaking genius of 
the regiment again appeared and indnccd Colonel Roose- 
velt to violate all military rules, lie had violated them 
once before when he led the charge at San Juan, and 
that had turned out well. Perhaps he had gotten into 
th(^ uood habit of doing the thing which was obviously 
right without waiting for the sign from superior officers 
who were obviously ^^Tong. At any rate, at this point, 
on his own responsibility, he sent to General Shaffer the 
following, and now famous, letter, which was dated 
August 1st: 

"Ma.tor-Gen. Shafter : 

" Sir — In a meeting of the general and medical officers called 
by you at tlie palace this moruiug, we were all, as you know, 
unanimous in view of what should ha done with the army. To 
keep us here, in the opinion of every officer commanding a 
division or a brigade, will simply involve the destruction of 
thousands. There is no ])ossible reason for not shipiiinfr i)rac- 
tically the entu-e command North at once. Yellow fever cases 
are very few in the cavalry division, where I command one of 
the two brigades, and not one true case of yellow fever has 
occurred in this division, except among the men sent to the 
hospital at Siboney, wliere they have. I believe, contracted it. 
But in this division there have been 1,500 ca.ses of malarial 
fever. Not a man has died from it; but the wbcde conmiand 
is so weakened and shattered as to be ri])e for dying like rott<Mi 
sheep when a real yellow-fever epidemic, instead of a fake e])i- 
demic like the present, .strikes us, as it is bound to if we stay 
here at the beifrbt of the sickly sea.son, Aujru.st and the be<rin- 
ninjr of Re]itoniber. Quarantine ajrainst malarial fever is nuich 
like quarantine ag-ainst the tootbacbe. All of us are certain. 

219 



TEIE STORY OF THE ROUGH RIDERS. 

as soon us the authorities at Washington fvilly appreciate the 
conditions of the a r 1113-, to be sent home. If we are kept here 
it will, in all iiuiuaii probability, mean an appalling disaster, 
for the surgeons here estimate that over half the ai-my, if kept 
here during the sickly season, will die. This is not only ter- 
rible from the standpoint of the individual lives lost, Imt it 
means ruin from the standpoint of the military elliciency of 
the flower of the American army, for the great bulk of the 
regulars are here with you. The side list, large tliough it is. 
exceeding 4,000, aft'oixls but a faint index of the debilitation of 
the army. Not 10 per cent, are fit for active work. Six weeks 
on the North Maine coast, for instance, or elsewhere where the 
yellow-fever germ cannot po.ssibh" propagate, would make us 
all as fit as fighting cocks, able as we are and eager to take a 
leading part in the great campaign against Havana in the fall, 
even if we are not allowed to try Porto Rico. We can bo 
moved North, if moved at once, with absolute safety to tlic 
country', although, of course, it would have been infinitely 
better if we had been moved North or to Poi'to Rico two weeks 
ago. If there Avere any object in kee])ing us here we would 
face yellow fever with as nuicb indifference as we face bullets. 
But there is no object in it. The four imniiine regiments 
ordered here are sufficient to garrison the city and surround- 
ing towns, and there is absolutely nothing for us to do here, 
and there has not been since the city surrendei-ed. It is im- 
possible to move into the interior. Every shifting of camp 
doubles the sick rate in our present weakened condition, and, 
anyhow, the interior is rather worse than the coast, as I have 
found by actual reconnoissance. Our present camjjs are as 
healthy as any camps at this end of th(^ island can be. I write 
only because I cannot see our men, who have fought so bravely 
and who have endured extreme hardship and danger so un- 
complainingly, go to destruction without striving, so far as 
lies in me, to avert a doom as feai'ful as it is unnecessary and 
undeserved. 

" Yf)in's respectfully, 

' ' Theodore Roosevelt, 
"Colonel Commanding First Brigade." 
220 



AFTER THE FlGll'l'INd WAS OVER. 

This had the desired effect. Just as the other officers 
had followed Roosevelt at San Jnaii in tlie attack on the 
Spaniards, they now foUowed him in the equally well- 
considered efftirt to retr(»at from the f(n'er. Roosevelt's 
letter was scarcely cold when the foUowitiij; " round 
robin " was sent in: 

"We, the uudcrsiyiicd olliccrs coiimKiiHliiiL:' lli<' various 
brigades, divisions, etc., of the Ai'iiiy of ( )ccii|)ali(iii in ("ul)a, 
are of the unanimous oi)iuion that the army sboukl be at once, 
taken out of the Island of Cuba and sent to some point on the 
Nortbcrn sea-coast of the United States; that it can be done 
without danger to the people of tlie United States ; that yellow 
fever in the army at present is not epidemic ; that there are only 
a few sporadic cases, but that the army is disabled by malarial 
fever to the extent that its etRciency is destroyed, and that it is 
in a condition to be practically entirely desti-oyed by an epi- 
demic of yellow fever, which is sure to come in the near future. 
We know from the reports of competent olficers and from per- 
sonal observations that the army is unal)le to move into the 
interior, and that there are no facilities for such a move if at- 
tempted, and that it could not be attempted until too late. 
Moreover, the best medical authorities of the island say that 
with our present equipment we could not live in the interior 
during- the rainy season without losses from malarial fever, 
which is almost as deadly as yellow fever. This army nuist be 
moved at once, or perish. As the army can be safely moved 
now, the persons responsible for preventing such a move \\-ill 
be responsible for the mmecessary loss of many thousands of 
lives. Our opinions are the result of careful i)ersonal observa- 
tion, and tliey are also based on the xinanimous oi)inion of our 
medical oflicers with the army, and who understood the situa- 
tion absolutely. 

''J. Ford Kp:nt, 

• "Major-General Volunteei's. 
"Conmianding First Division, Fiftb Cori)s. 
221 



THE STORY OF THE ROUGH RIDERS. 

"J. C. Bates, 

" Majoi'-Geiieral Volunteers, 
"Comiiiaiuliiig Pi-ovisional Division. 

"Adna R Chaffee, 
" Majoi'-General Volunteers, 
"CoiumaiHliug Third Brigade, Second Division. 

"Samuel S. Sumner, 
" Brigadier-General Volunteers, 
"Connnanding First Brigade, Cavahy. 

" Will Ludlow, 
" Brigadier-General Volunteers, 
" Coniniandiug Fii'st Brigade, Second Division. 

"Adelbert Ames, 
" Brigadier-General Volunteers, 
"Conunanding Third P>rigade, Fii'st Division. 

"Leonard Wood, 

" Brigadier-General Volunteers, 

"Commanding the City of Santiago. 

"Theodore Roosevelt, 
" Colonel, Commanding Second Cavalry Brigade." 

The Associated Pi-ess despatch from Santiago wliich 
followed this presentation said: 

Major M. W. Wood, tlie Chief Surgeon of the First Division, 
said: 

"The army must be moved north," adding, with emphasis, 
"or it will be unable to move itself." 

General Ames has sent the following cable message to Wash- 
ington : 

"The Hon. Charles H. Allen, Assistant Secretary of the 
Navy : This army is incapable, because of sickness, of march- 
ing anywhere, except to the transports. If it is ever to return 
to the United States it must do so at once." 

OOQ 



AFTER THE FIGHTING WAS OVER, 

To a correspondent of the Associated Press General Ames 
said: " If I had the power I would put the men on the trans- 
ports at once and ship them North without further orders. I 
am confident such action would ultimately he ;q)proved. A 
full list of the sick would mean a copy of the roster of every 
company hex'e." 

And so the army was started Xorlh. Providence 
alone knows when it woiihl have been started if Roose- 
velt liad not sent his letter. Its condition certainly 
would not have been so plain to the authorities at Wash- 
ington who were depending on Shafter for their news of 
it, if Roosevelt had not acted. And so T say that the 
Rough Riders again added to their record, wdu'U Roose- 
velt sent in his letter. 



223 



CHAPTER XIII. 

LAST DAYS IN CUBA. 

I ;iiii iifraid tluit the (•li;ii)tcr wliicli has ])n'('('(le(l this 
lias hccn a dull (me. Tho deeds of the Kouiih Eiders 
were so fast and t'iiri(3us while figlitiuii' was i^oiiii^' on, and 
their whohM-oiidnct was so free from the eonveiitioiialitv 
of military nsa^c that to iiichidc militai'v i-cports and 
letters in the story of them seems almost like describing 
the process of making iron girders in a story of a fire, 
because there were some nsed in the construction of the 
burning bnilding. 

'I'lie men were living their strange lives, working hard 
and getting little comfort from their work. AVlien the 
armistices and truces were on, they loafed about the 
trenches and ke])t as cool as they could, which was not 
very cool. AVhen the armistices and truces were off, 
they struggled with the situation as well as they could 
struggle with it, and sometimes they took a shot at some 
impertinent Spaniard mIio made the serious mistake of 
putting his head up within range. 

N'ot a day passed but some one of them complained in 
the morning that his bones ached, and said it Avith such 
a pitiful expression of rolling yellow eyeballs that his 
comrades could not fail to know what was the matter 
with him. It was generally about five hours after these 
first complaints that it was necessary to carry the man 

224 



LAST DAYS IK CUBA. 



a\v;i_v to tho lin,<]Mtal, often raving witli fovcr — yollow 
fever, of course. 

j^otwitlistaiidinii,' the feeling of coiitcniitl wliicli tlu; 
Cubans had oanicd for themselves in the iiiiiid- i>\' the 
liough Ivich'i's, and the geiu'i'al desiro to jeer whenever a 
Cnhan nniforni, t>v tho poor t)retence at one wliieh was 
])r(>val(Mit, came into sight, the men were filled with syni- 
[lathy lor the pool' half-starved rcfnuccs and rccouoen- 
trados who came to iheni toi' hel|) and IimmI. 

A great nianv rel'ngees who had lied trom Santiago 
when the city was warned that it W(»uld he l)ond)arded, 
had gathered at Kl Caney. They had found little that 
was better there than that which they had known in the 
places they had come from, except the food which the 
poorlv provisioned American soldi(>rs had been able to 
eive them. There was nothino- that was svstcnnatic or 
eifective in the efforts made to relieve their distress at 
first. 

A deep gash in a ridge was cut by tiie road leading 
to El Caney. This gash was held by the Kough Eiders. 
Thousands of Cuban refugees passed along the road on 
their return to Santiago, after the surrender. The men 
had not nioi'e than half i'ation<. Imt when they saw the 
poor Cubans coming up this trail, they forgot at once 
their contempt for the race and their own hunger. They 
gave away their half rations with a reckless indifference 
as to whiit the nioiTow niidit bring forth. As a nuitter 
of fact, the morrow brought forth exactly what it might 
have been exjiected to — nothing. The nu'U suffered 
greater ])rivation through their own generosity at this 
time, than they had at any time before through the 

227 



THE STORY OF TUE KOLIGII RIDERS. 

failure of the Commissarv I)c'])artnicnt to furnish them 
^vith supplies. 

They not only gave away their rations, hut tliey of- 
fered such personal assistance as they could to the weak- 
ened ^\•()ln('n and famislied cliilch'cn aiiiong the rcfuiiccs. 
Many and many a woman, and many and many a cluld, 
was literally carried throuiih all that territory imdndeil 
witliin the Koiigh Riders' lioiindai'ies. This work of 
assistance was iieaded i)y " lla[>py .lack "" of Ai-i/.ona. 
Finally Dr. Bob ('hurcli heard of it, and ordered it 
stopped. He realized that the ('nhans wei-e likely to 
transfer fever germs to the American trooi)s if such 
close contact was permitted, lie assured Colonel Iloose- 
velt that he would not answer for the health of tlie men 
if they ])ersiste(l in helpinu the ('id>ans. Foi' the first 
time in his life "Happy Jack" gave evidence that he 
realized the existence of religious things. He said to 
Colonel Roosevelt: 

"God wouldn't let a fellow caicli yellow fever while 
he was doing a good turn for them kids." 

Of course at this ])eriod many of the me]i were in 
the hospitals and suffering dreadfully. There were mis- 
takes in connection with the Cuhan hospitals, as there 
will probably always be mistakes in connection with all 
things human. The Rough Riders suffered through 
these mistakes, as other soldiers suffered. CV)mplaints 
of their misfortunes reached Colonel Roosevelt. A man 
went up to him diffidently one day, and saluting, said: 

" I beg your pardon, colonel, but I haA^e just come 
from the hospital; I wasn't very sick and so I got along- 
all right, but there are those among our boys down there 

228 



l.ASI' DAYS L\ CTHA. 

who arc suffering tcrrildy, and I do not think that they 
are lictting })ro])cr trcatnicnt. 1 Keg pardon, sir." 

It had \)vvu nndcrstood lor a long tinio that Colonel 
lioosc'vclt A\d not want to hear coniphnnts. It was his 
thcorv that the men who were uinN'r him had seen 
enough of life, and rongh life, too, so that they did not 
need to be finding fanlt. Hence tlic man's timidity, 
lint oil this oeeasioii it was not necessary to he tiiiii(L 
RooscNch turned to liiiii (luickly and tliaiiked him for 
telling him tlie story. Then he went ([iiickly to the 
hos])ital. 

lie was rathei- a rongh-looking eharaeter hy this time. 
Th<' one -houlder strap which had heeii hanging l)y a 
single thread at San duan was lo>r now and there was 
nothing on liini exee])t his riding hreecdies, with their 
vellow stri]^es, to show that he was an otHcer. 

" 1 low are tlie lioys getting along^ '" a<ked the colonel. 

" Who :ii'e yoii^"' said the sni'geoii. 

\\'liereii|ioii, ('oli)iiel K'oose\-elt wa\<'il exceedingly 
wroth and made remarks whi(di would not have hel]>ed 
him in his gnhernatoi-ial cani])aign if he had re])eate(l 
them while he was stumping Xew ^'ol•k State. 

■■ Tm \diii' -iiperior oflici'r, sir, ('oloiiel Uooscn'clt; 
stand at attention, salnte, and take ycmr hat off." This 
is an expiirgate<l version of what the colonel said. 

The snrgcon lost no time in getting his heels together 
and Imttoiiing n]» his open shirt. 

After that one visit, there were no more complaints 
concerning the way the Rongh Eiders were cared for in 
that hospital. 

The \irtnal end of the war came when the American 
229 



THE STOltY OF THE ROUGH RIDERS. 

flag M'as raised on the palace at Santiago. The Rough 
Eiders were not among the troops which were sent into 
Santiago to be present at the ceremony; they remained 
in the field. They were among the thousands who stayed 
on the crest of the ridges which had hceii \v(»ii at the 
cost of so many liA'es, As far us the eye coidd reach, the 
straggling line of nniformed men str(^tclied oft' into the 
distance. Conspicuous anioiig ihc blue uniforms of 
the regular troops were the hi-owu duck suits of thy 
Kough Kidcrs. The hills of San Juan, and the other 
eminences commanding Santiago, swaruied with happy, 
cheering men. 

The Kough Ividers were not only the most conspicuous 
of the soldiers, hut they were tlie lieroes of the occasion; 
the other troops did them higli lioiior. The First Illi- 
nois Volunteers hegan the cheei'ing for them. After 
the first three times thre(» liad lieen given. Private 
Hughes, of the Kough Kiders, caMed foi' another thi-ee 
times three for (V)lon(d Koosevelt, the man who had h^l 
tlie cliarac n|» San dnan. The whoh' army replied with 
one great voic(\ A mighty roar went up and Colonel 
Roosevelt was happier than he had been since the mo- 
ment when that bit of shell struck him on the back of 
his hand. He waved his hat with the famous blue polka- 
dot handkerchief attached to it in acknowledgment of 
the tribute, and, in his turn, called for three cheers for 
the army. They were given Avith enthusiasm so great, 
that the troops in Santiago heard them. 

The beginning of the end came in Cuba on the 7th 
of August. It is a matter of speculation in the regiment 
whether the marching orders it received at San Antonio, 

2:10 



LAST 1>AV.S IN CUJJA. 

on May 28tli, or the iiuircliiug orders it recoivod near 
Santiago, on Angvist Ttli, were most londly clioered. llc- 
veille was sounded very cai'ly in tin; morning, and the 
regiment hi'oke eaiu]) with a skill ac(iiiired by mneli 
practice. it inarched to the railroad and touk train to 
Santiago, reaching there at 1 p.m. 

At the Santiago station, tlie trooi)s fell into parade 
formation and marched like veterans; each troop was 
preceded by its little flag, bearing the troop letter and the 
nnmber of the regiment, and made a sort of triumphal 
progress through the conquered Spanisli city. 

Colon<'l Ixoosevelt rode at the head of the regiment 
on the same sorrel horse which liad been wounded at 
the charge of San Juan, lie was an extremely happy 
colonel; liis round-robin had worked, and his men were 
being sent away Ixyond the reach of the ghastly yclluw 
arms which the fever sj)ectre had stretched out toward 
them, 'iluy were leaving Cuba with a rec(»r(l on whi(di 
there was not one smirch; tluy had played their ini- 
})ortant ])arts in every engagement in Cuba; they had 
missed nothing which was worth doing, and they had 
done nothing which was worth missing. The man who 
liad gone to Cuba as the commander of the regiment, 
had earned his promotion to a brigadier-generalship and 
had received it as soon as lu> had earned it. This was 
pleasing for many reasons. The men loved Wood as 
well as they loved Roosevelt. Roosevelt's friendship for 
Wood was honest and sincere, and he was gla'l to see him 
elevated; and besides, with AVood's ehn-atiou came 
Roosevelt's rise to the head of the regiment, which the 
public had named after him. Tie himself, while brav- 

231 



THE STORY OF TJIK liOl (ill lUDEHS. 

iiig every danger and taking every desperate chance lie 
asked bis men to take, had escaped unscathed. A small 
scar on his left hand was the only mark of battle he was 
taking home witli liim, and be liad not dodged a single 
bnllet. These reflections wei'c pleasant to the colonel. 
Jfe knew, as he rode tbrongli those Santiago streets, tbat, 
})artly because of bis eiforts, the most extraoi'diiiary I'cgi- 
nient in the army had been organized and e(iuip})ed as no 
other volunteer regiment was equipi)e(l; be knew tbat 
that regiment had raised the first flag raised by the army 
in Cuba; bad killed the lii-st Spaniard killed by the army 
in ( "uba; had lost the first man lost by the army in ( 'iil>a; 
bad led every liattle fougbt by the army in Cuba, and lie 
knew tbat bis own ]K'rs<)nal efloi'ts wci-c responsible for 
the fact tbat the army in ('uha, its woi'k well done, was 
going Xorth again to esca])e the one enemy it could not 
figbt — tbe fevei'. Ts it a wonder that Teddy lioosevelt 
showed his teeth as he I'ode through Santiago? 1 have 
known him and seen him as (Mvil Service Commissioner, 
as Police Commissioner, as be went into his first battle, 
as he was inaugurated (Jovernor of the State of iVew 
^'o^k^ and yet 1 doubt if 1 have evei" known him at a 
moment more satisfactory than that which 1 am now 
recording. 

The regiment marched down the Alameda, skirting 
the water front, to the dock where tbe transport 
" Miami " was moored. The men were worn out, and 
their steps lagged as they turned toward home with a 
weariness which had not shown in them when they 
turned toward tbe enemy. They were haggard and 
ragged and hungry. A few new Khaki suits made briglit 

232 



LAS'l' DAYS IN ClliA. 

yellow spots in tlic dull lirowu monotony of ragged duck 
uniforms. I'hcy were the piinctmition marks of the 
story of trial and hardship which the cdotlies of the 
Ivonii'h Ri(U'rs tohl as plainly as their faces did, and told 
iimch iiKM'c plainly than their cpiietly enduring;- lii)s did 
when I hey reached the A'ortli and home. 

Tt is not necessary to speak of the ghastly gaps in tlieir 
ranks, whitdi made the strong troopers wince as they 
looked at them. 

The official story of the men who had died and were 
wounded in hattle is t(d(l in the regimental roster which 
ends this hook. The complete official story of the men 
who died in hos^ntal — they wei'e as hrave as their com- 
i-adcs who were shot — cannot l)c told, hccaiisc the records 
of the War l)('partmcnt lun'c not hccn completed. Ordy 
seven living men were left liehind in ( 'uha. These were 
Second Tientenant W'm. Tiffany, (d' 'I'roop K ; ( 'orporal 
Edgar Schwarz, (d" Ti'oop (1; and l'ri\ate- W'm. E. 
Hoyle, of d'roo]) K; V. (i. AVhalen, of Troop .\. and F. 
(r. Page, of Troo]! 1). The men who hd't wei'e sorry 
for the conn-ades wlio remained hehind, hut tluy were 
wild with joy ovei' their own (diance to get away. Most 
of their tents and all tlieir haguauc had fallen i)rey to 
the marauding ('uhans, who had e\er followed our 
troops, so tliat tiny eud)arked in their >kins and in their 
nnifonns; they cai'ried little (dse away from ('uha with 
them, except their arms and what amnuniition tiny had 
not already been called n])on to devote to S]ianish 
enemies. 

The emliarkation was quick and easy. The regiment 
hv this time had learue<l the trick of maclnne work and 



THE STORY OF THE ROUGH RIDERS. 

those little difficulties and delays which occurred in its 
early history no longer handicapped the men. From 
Santiago, Colonel Roosevelt sent this final message : 

" AVe shall take home with ns a record of which we 
have reason to be prond; we leave behind us a few 
Rough Riders who are too feeble to be moved, but we 
liad a larger percentage of soldiers kilhnl in battle than 
the percentage of loss by fever and disease." 



234 



CHAPTER XIV. 

HOME AGAIN. 

The rcgiiiieiit caiiio Xortli in two sections. First 
were the men who, disappointed, disgruntled, and nn- 
happy, arrived in Jersey City, August 10th, from 
rani})a. They were the men who have been spoken of 
as wearily waiting, hoping earnestly for orders to really 
go t(» the front, which never came, 'i'hey came North 
on trains, and on these trains were such members of 
'i'rooi)s 0, II, I, and M as were strong enough to come. 
When tlicy ai-rlvcd tlicy were as Imngry as they had 
been on that morning when tlicy reached Tampa. Then, 
as now, they had been ])rovidcd with insnthcicnt rations. 
Then, as now, they IuhI hecoiiic tlic victims of the rad- 
road company. Their numbers had been sadly depleted 
l)y all kinds of sickness, and they were heartsick over 
their failure to go to Cuba, as well as bruised and worn 
l>y the terrific journey u]^ from Tampa. Tluy brought 
with them as many of the eleven hundred horses and 
mules, which had been left in their charge, as remained 
to be brought, and their minds were full of the dis- 
couraging fact that, during the war with Spain, they 
had only cared for animals. AVhen they readied Jersey 
City, they had been without proper rations f(U- more than 
twenty-four hours, and life seemed very dreary to them. 
Some factory girls divided their luncheons with them. 

235 



THE STORY OF THE ItorOli IIIDEIW. 

Five days later, a different sight entirely was enacted 
at Montaiik, L. 1., when the six troops who had really 
gone to Cuba, sailed in on the transport " Aliami." Their 
arrival was a seene of triumph. Unlike their equally 
brave comrades who had been forced to spend the war 
days among the sand flies and crackers of dismal Florida, 
they had actually been to war. Whatcvci- tiiihtiiig there 
liad been to see they had seen. Many of them had felt the 
sting of ^Fanser bullets, and many others who had gone 
South with them I'ciiiained there sleeping in v\u\r graves 
on ('uhau l)atth'1ichls, nmtc evidences of the regiment's 
heroism. Six troops were there. Xew York had been 
waiting for them, and j)re]>ariiig to receive them for 
many days. 'Yhc (IccmIs of (hn'iiig which the Kough 
Kiders had (•i'e(Hte(l to theiiisehcs liad been I'ccoi'ded by 
a thousand ])riiiting })resses within the metropolis, and 
the stories read by seventy million eager (yes. The war 
was over. Xew York's own Seventy-first Regiment had 
fallen the victim of foni* or five incompetent and nn- 
l)leasant ofhcers, and come back to ])ass cpiietly into an 
ignominions ol)livion, v.'hicli was to be interrupted occa- 
sionally Diily by the shrill sliouts of scandal. .Vew 
York's Sixty-ninth had had no oppoi'tunity to distinguish 
itself. So Xew ^'ork turned out to welcome the Rough 
Riders. Tiny were not of Xew York, ])ut Xew York 
was emphatically for them. Roosevelt, who was one of 
Xew York's favorite sons, had l)een promoted to their 
colonelcy, and his name was whispered constantly as that 
of the man who would win, at this, the beginning of one 
of the State's most exciting gubernatorial campaigns. 

Tt was long before daylight when the " ^fiami " pulled 
2:u> 



liUME ACfAIN. 

into tlic harbor, out tliore at the end of Long Island, hnt 
shc^ (lid not find the nicn who were there to receive her, 
napping. The harhor was dotted with the white hnlls 
of welcoming yachts, and as her name was signalled to 
the shore, these set np a deafening scream of welcome 
from their steam whistles. One or two, even, fired greet- 
ing gnns. 

For a long i'uiw the troopshij) lav there in tlie harltoi-, 
waiting for orders from shore. All the morning, the 
yachts plied ceaselessly in discreet circles abont the 
transport, and bnsy little steam launches ran as near to 
her as the health officers would permit, so that friends 
conld shont merry messages to those on the " Miami," 
and they conld send ecstatic words of happiness back. 

Besides the six troops of Rough Riders, the " Miami " 
carried the four troops of the Third Cavalry, with Gen- 
eral Joseph Wheeler and Lieut. Joseph Wheeler, Jr., as 
well. It was al)out iioon, August 18th, and wild cheers 
from the waiting soldiers on shore marked the approach 
of the " ]\riami '' towards the dock. The gull-like yachts 
drew in more closely. The hustling little launches s])ut- 
tered nearer than tliey had been permitted to go before. 
A band on board struck up, "• AVlien Johnny comes 
marching home again," and the cheering became gen- 
eral as the cables from the great steamer Avere made fast 
to the stanchions on the ])ier. When the gangplank 
was finally put down, everyone was cheering. The bbie- 
coats on shore were yelling with an enthusiasm which 
they had not shown since they had reached ^[ontank. 
The eixilian friends of the men on lioard were yelling 
with an enthusiasm which they had never kn(.)wn l.>ef...re, 

239 



THE STORY OF THE KOUGll JUDERS. 

and tlic Ixougli UidcM-s tlioraselves were yelling with that 
enthusiasm which can only be appreciated by the soldier 
who has been away fighting, in a foreign land, against 
dcatli in all its forms. After the first three cheers, the 
men on l)oard took up their cowboy yell, and from the 
'■ Miami " there rang out, as tliere had rung out at San 
Antonio, in Florida, and in Cuba, that bit of doggerel 
rhyme, which meant so miieli. 

Hough, tough, were the .slnff. 
We u'ant to fight and we can't get enough, 
WhoojJ-ee. 

AVith the first glimpse of liooscvelt on tlie bridge of 
the ship, the crowd on shore went mad. He was the one 
])ai'am(iiint military hero of the war. He was the man 
on horseback in the i)olitics of the Stale. He was lloose- 
velt. When " Teddy and his teeth " came down the 
gangplank, the last ultimate climax of tlie possibility of 
cheering was reached. He was bron/cd l»y the ( 'iibaii 
sun, and his uniform was worn out, and stained by the 
trials of the cam])aign. But he was ha])pier than Theo- 
dore KooseA'clt ever had been Ijcfore, or probably ever 
will be again. He had come home to stcj) into the 
superb inheritance which he had eai'ned in Cuba. 

A moment after Roosevelt had ste])])ed upon the gang- 
l)lank. General AVheelei' ran foi'wai'd, and taking liim l)y 
the arm, came down with him. The Rough Iliders who 
had been at Tampa had begged for the poor privilege of 
doing guard duty on the dock while their more fortu- 
nate comrades in arms stepped ashore, and they liad great 
difficulty in keeping the soldiers and civilians alike, who 

240 



HOME A(iAI.\". 

woro c,atliore(l on that dock, from rnslilnii t'ur\vai'<l. 
When tlioy saw the famous old Confederate cavalry com- 
mander and tlie famous Xew ^'ork hero walkinc,- down 
toii'etlu'r, their enthusiasm knew no hounds, and their 
great desire was to pick them uj) and hear them on their 
shoulders. Crossed hayonets alone prevented this. 
From the dock itself, from the ground heyond it, and 
from the roofs of the freiglit cars standing on the tracks, 
ten thousand cheers went up. 

General Young and his staff were on the pier, and 
were the first to greet the two famous soldiers. Just 
hehind them, and close up to the guard line, was Mrs. 
(ieneral John A. Logan. Slic liad Ix-en the very first 
to recognize Koosevelt when he api)eared on the bridge 
of the ship, and was the first to rush forward and clasp 
his hands in hotli of hers as he stepped on the dock. 

Jioosevelt's men followed him down the gangplank in 
douhle file, with the com])any oflicers at the head of 
each troop, and if the cheering diminished as they came, 
it was only because the throats of the men who cheered 
had already become hoarse, and not because their hearts 
were less full of enthusiasm. Individual greetings were 
shouted to many of the men by friends, some of wliom 
had come from beyond the Mississii)]H to give them 
welcome that day. 

The shouts of the crowd were only silenced" when a 
soldier answered the cry: 

" How are you, Sullivan? " 

"I'm well, thank God," said Sullivan, "but more 
than half of my troop were left behind among the dead 
and sick at Santiago." 

241 



THE STORY OF THE KOUGH RIDERS. 

One man took off his hat to cheer again, but his voice 
was hiiskj, and now as the spectators watched the ragged 
nnshaved veterans march down that gang]dank, they all 
uncovered, and this silciu-e was more im})ressive than 
their preceding cheers had been. Fathers, mothers, 
brothers, sisters, sweethearts, and Avi^•es were in that 
crowd, and some of them looked in vain for the faces 
that \\\vy longed to see. 

So at the end, the landing of the troops at Montauk 
had a tinge of sadness cast over it, in sharp contrast to 
the exuberant jov with wiiich it had bcgnn. 

The period tlic regiment passed at Moiilank was, in 
some respects, like the days at San Antonio. Oidy at 
San Antonio the work of drill and disci])line was con- 
stant. 'Die men were expecting tight in those days and 
wanted to be prepared for it. At Montauk they h;id had 
their fight and wanted to forget it. They chose various 
ways of bringing about forgetful ne>s. 1 have seen news- 
paper stories to the effect that the Kougli Riders were 
hard drinkers. As a matter of fact, they drank no more 
than other soldiers. There were plenty of available 
"canteens," or drinking places, at Montauk, but the 
proportion of liougli Riders who ])afronized them was 
no greater than the proportion of men who })atronized 
them from other regiments. One man, who lost his 
popularity in the regiment by doing it, wrote an article 
for a Chicago paper, saying that the men of the Rough 
Riders were likely to forget those safeguards which, in 
civilized communities, are supposed to surround the 
ownership of personal property. He was very properly 
thrown into the guard-tent for writing the story. 

343 



HOME AGAIN. 

The general spirit of tlu- men was more accurately 
caiiiiht (luvinii- this period by a New York Sun writer, 
than liv anyone else. For that reason I shall take the 
lihci'ty of (iiiotini;- his avtich' in xci'v ncai'ly its entirety, 
it was pnhlislied in the Sun of Friday, Se[)teinher Itith. 
It follows: 



With (lu'ir return to such ])arts of civilization as they origi- 
nally hailed from, the Ivough Kidei's will pi-ohahiy get hack 
their given names, and they who have foi- the last four months 
answered to the general name of "Buddy."' or the more 
si)eci(ie cognomens of "Mike," "Keddy," '"Pudge,"' "Pop- 
Eye"" and the like, Avill once more, not without a feeling of 
strangeness, hear themselves greeted as Ilarr^', James, Cliarley, 
Will, or whatever other name was hestowed on them at hap- 
tisni. Almost the first thing that hapj)ened to tlie Rough 
Rider upon enlistment was to find himself the recijjient of a 
name, very informally presented, according to no set rule, 
which nught cling to him during the entire campaign, or 
might he replaced in the course of time by a sobriquet which 
some event would fasten upon the wearer. In this class be- 
longs " Slimpnthx,"" which is the nearest expression possible 
with letters to the proiumciation of the very remarkable mono- 
syllable designating a trooper who distinguished himself at 
Las Guasimas. After the first rush forward, when the Rough 
Ridei"s were fighting frontier fashion, this particular ])rivate 
was heard between the sounds of tlie guns to repeat to himself 
in iniwearying iteration a fornuda of woi-ds which, altogether 
meaiungless at first, became simply a jundde of sound as the 
words came faster and the tone grew louder. Finally it 
reached the vocal consistency of the word quoted above. Those 
near the utterer of the niystic tones opined that he was staying 
his prayers in Greek. He did not, however, appear to be in a 
panic, but cheered himself on with the strange word, for the 
fastei- and louder he shouted the more fiercely did he tight. 
When the battle was over several curious companions waited 
upon him with tlic intention of finding out the secret. Each 

243 



THE STORY OF THE EOUGII RIDERS. 

had a try at repoutin<i;- the .souiul, l)ut the ori^iiiator of it failed 
utterly to recognize it. 

"Never said such a thino- in my life," he declared. " You 
fellows liave heeii listening too hard to the song of Hk; Mau- 
sers." 

But the others insisted and kept on es.saying the exclama- 
tion, until Jinally a light hrok(! in upon the troopei', and he 
burst out laughing. 

" Well, that's one on me,'" he said. " I remember now that I 
was repeating a set of words when I went into the row. I'd lieard 
that it was a good thing to keep one's mind off himself in time 
of danger just to say overand over again some formula. I was 
afraid maybe I'd be i-attled, so when the bullets began to sing 
I tried to remember some rhyme or something, and the only 
thing that came into my head was, ' Six slim, slick saplings,' 
If ever you fellows tried that at school you'll know it's no 
snide of a piece to speak over and over, even when everything 
else is peaceful. I guess I got it pretty well mixed uj), but by 
the time I got fairly into the light I nmst have forgotten to 
stop saying it. I know my tongue feels kind of tangled yet." 

The explanation was accepted, and the trooper was hence- 
forth known by his self-given nickname. A similar case of 
battlefield nomenclature was that of "Tarantula Hank," who 
was fighting valiantly in the trenches until one of the hideous 
and ferocious sjjiders came darting along toward him, whei-e- 
upon he turned and lied, nor could he be i)ersuaded to i-eturn 
until a comrade had smashed the tarantula with the butt of a 
carbine. " The Rockpicker " is a trooper who, while fighting 
in the trenches, had his carbine ruined by a Mauser bullet, 
whereupon, in a wild access of wrath, he rose and begun to 
hurl rocks toward the Spanish lines with furious imprecations. 
As the nearest Spanish fire was directed from a spot fully a 
third of a mile away, it is not supposed that he added appreci- 
ably to the day's carnage. "Pills," a name which by right 
belongs to the troop surgeon, was bestowed upon a Corporal, 
who, during a swift advance, was heard to rattle like rain 
upon a tin roof, a phenomenon afterward explainetl by the 
fact that his shirt was full of pill boxes. Later on those pills 
were of great value to his ti^oop. Many of the nicknames 

244 



HOME ACAIN. 

wcro cnnforred in a spirit of dorision, tlioiv l)asis lyinpf in con- 
trast. Two men of diametrically opposite type were assigned 
to bunk together in the same tent, and eventually became 
sworn friends. One was the typical fa.stidi(nis clubman, the 
other a tobacco-cliewing, cursing, rough-and-ready bad man 
from the middle AVest. Immediately the clubman was chris- 
tened ''Tough Ike,"" and his bunkie ])ecame known through 
the regiment as " That Damn Dude," or for short, "The D.D." 
'■ Meti'opolitan Bill " was a citizen of the far West whose chief 
claim to being a city man was that he had an aunt living in 
New York. " Sheeny Solomon," sometimes called '" Ole 
Clo'es," was a red-headed Irishman, G feet 2 in his stocking 
feet. The "Immigrant" was a trooper who.se family helped 
settle New York. "Rubber-Shoe Andy " distinguished him- 
self and won his name on scouting duty by invariably tum- 
bling over something with a great clatter at the very moment 
when silence was most essential. 

There were three bald-headed men in one troop, known, of 
coui'se, as the Sutherland Sisters — Sister Jane, Sister Anne and 
Sister Araminta. A young fellow — and a mighty good fighter, 
too — proud of his Jewish blood, accepted with perfect equa- 
nimity the nickname of the " Pork Chop." In the same troop 
with him was a private wlio was probably the mildest spoken man 
in the army; one evening, however, he got excited over some- 
thing and was i>lainly heard by several auditors, whose testi- 
mony is unimpeachable, to exclaim :" Oh, thunder!" That 
settled his case. He was known ever after as "Blasphemy 
Bill."" A Mississippi River gambler, noted for his quiet de- 
meanor, was called " Hellroarer,"" while the mo.st picturesquely 
and flamboyantly profane man in the regiment rejoiced in the 
appellation of "Prayerful James." The fun-maker for one 
troop was a light-hearted Swede, always full of jokes, and 
because of his propensities and his nationality called the 
"Weeping Dutchman." "Nigger"" was a young fellow so 
white as to be almost an albino. "Beefsteak John " had many 
times called down the wrath of his famine-stricken comrades 
by describing to them just how he would like a steak cooked at 
that particular moment, how it should l)c two inches thick, 
delicately brown outside and deej) retl inside, and how the 

245 



THE STUKV OF THE 1I()U(J11 JUDEKS. 

melted hvitter should flow over it. To a cowboy who arose one 
uiglit and fled throug-h the camp in his dreams, under the im- 
pression that he was being pursued by an army of scorpions, 
his Eastern bunkie has given the name of " The Wicked Flea," 
because, as he says, it was a plain case of " no man pursueth," 
until a sentry collared the fugitive. It goes without saying 
that at the start all the fat men were called " Living Skeleton," 
" Beanpole," "Shadow," " Starvation Bill," " Dr. Tanner "' and 
so on, while the thin troopers were generally designated as 
"Jumbo," "Heavyweight," " Anti-Fat" and the like. Before 
the return the former list had dwindled to nothing, and the in- 
ventive genius of the self-appointed godfathers was taxed to 
find new names for those who had fortunately preserved their 
bones, but left most of the covering thereon in Cuba. 

To act as Col. Roosevelt's orderly was an honor to which 
every trooper aspired. It was not always an easy berth, as the 
Colonel covered a gi*eat deal of ground and kept his 'orderlies 
hustling, and had, moreover, a habit of noticing everything 
that was going on. A Rough Rider who was detailed one day 
to act as the Colonel's orderly in Cuba relates that the two of 
them had ridden to El Caney, where, while his commanding 
officer was attending to some business, the orderly contrived to 
acquire by purclia.se several bottles of Jamaica rum, which he 
disposed of in a no.se bag. On the return Col. Roosevelt set a 
lively i)ace, as is his habit, and the nose bag began to disjiense 
music. 

" Clink-clink, cliukety-clink, clinkety-clinkety-clink, " it 
Aveiit. 

"Smith," said Col. Roosevelt, jnilling in his horse, "what 
is that noise ?" 

" Sounds like ghiss, sir," said the ordei-ly. 

"So it does. Where does it come from, Smith ?" 

" From my nosebag, sir." 

" Indeed ! And what have j^ou got in that nose bag ? " 

"Purchases, .sir." 

" What ?" said Col. Roosevelt, his l)row wrinkling. 

"Purchases, sir," repeated the orderly, firmly, but trem- 
bling in his boots. 

"Hm! I should think .so," snorted the Colonel, and i-ode on. 

24G 



IIOMK AGAIN'. 

Tho clinking continued. Presently the Colonel pulled up 
again. 

"Smith!" 

"Yes, sir." 

"At the turn of the road there is a tree with large soft 
leaves. I wish you would stuff some of them into that nose 
bag. It makes too much noise." 

"Yes, sir," said the orderly. 

There was a pause and the Colonel rode on. 

"Besides." he added, with a smile, suddenly turning in his 
saddle. "Some of those — er — purchases might smash. And 
you never can tell whom we might meet." 

At the tree the oi'derly packed the nose bag with leaves, 
which deadened the sound. Five minutes later they met a 
General on the road, but the nose bag was safely muffled, and 
Col. Eoosevelt's foresight was gloriously vindicated. 

On the 18th of September, the Ixouiili Eiders were 
l):ii(l off; they had been in the service abnost exactly five 
nujntbs, and so each man received something like five 
times $ir>. ;■)(). Xow $77 is a fortnne to any man who 
has not seen the color of uioiiev for several weeks, and 
is Hkely to be received by such with great enthusiasm. 
It is a question, if the men were happier when they heard 
of the surrender of Santiago than they were when they 
Avere paid off at Moiitauk. 

It u:i< all over before one o'clock; at that hour a 
committee of endjarrassed troopers waited upon Colonel 
Roosevelt at his tent and asked him if he minded stcp- 
])ing over to a rough pine table, which stood unsteadily 
on uneven ground. Tlis command was informally drawn 
u]) in a square of which this table formed tlie centre. 
T'])on the table was a curious something, full of knobs 
and Ininclics and covered by a horse blanket. Lieu- 

017 



THE SroiiV OF iUE liOL'(ilI KJDEKS. 

tenant-Colonel Brodic happened along just then, and tak- 
ing Itoosevelt by the arm, conducted him to a place in 
front of the table. I^p to this time Roosevelt had not 
known Avhat was coming. 'J'lic breathless silence ^vliich 
])ervaded the plac(» and the curious expectant manner 
of his troopers warned him now that scnnething ])leasant 
was likely to jiresently occur. His face, already tanned 
to a deep dark brown, took on the I'uddy hue of a Cuban 
veteran's blush, and he stood there awkwardly, not know- 
ing what to do. There Avas a pause whih' he looked 
about at the men who followed him so bi';i\cly at 
Guasimas and San duan. He saw that in the eyes 
of some of them the t(>ars were Iteginning to start, 
and while he waited, his own wei-e dimmed with mois- 
ture. 

Fi'om the ranks of ^[ Troop stepped William S. Mwv- 
])hy, who, althougli he was a private in the regiment, had 
been a judge in the Indian Territory at the time of his 
enlistment, and Avas known as one of the most eloquent 
men in that ])art of the AVest. lie took off his cam- 
])aign hat and presented the colonel with Frederick liem- 
ington's famous " l>ronco Buster." ^furphy had pre- 
pared an elaborate speech, which would have done honor 
to the Indian Territory courts, but he conldn't speak it, 
and if he had, most of the men in the regiment would not 
have heard it. 

The chaps who had followed Roosevelt through the 
terrible hardships of the whole campaign, who had en- 
dured their wounds without complaining, and who had 
stood their sickness without once crying out, gave way 
this day for the first time. There was almost no one in 

248 



HOME AGAIN. 

the r(\iiiiuont wlio was not cryiiii;, wlicii .Miir|)liy said, 
with stivaniiiig eyes: 

" It is fitting- that I, one of the troopers from tlic i-aiiks 
of voTir regiment, should try to tell yon as well as I can, 
to what is due the honor ai\eii nic in making this ])re.s- 
entation. it is well known that whik> yon hohl your 
officers in the highest esteem, because of their bravery, 
gallantry, and ability, yonr heart of hearts was ever with 
youi' men, whethei" in the tented field oi- in the ti'ciiches 
before the enemy's lines, or better still, in the trenches 
which yonr regiment captnred from the enemy. 

"I want to tell yon, sir, that (tne and all of ns, from 
the highest of us to the humblest of ns, will always carry 
with us in our hearts a pleasant and a loving memory 
of your every act, for there has not been one among them 
whicdi has not been of the kindest. As lieutenant- 
colonel of our regiment, you first made us respect you; 
as our colonel you have taught us to love you deeply, 
as men love men. Tt is our sincerest hope, now that we 
are about to separate, that this bronze ' Ilronco Ihister ' ■ 
will sometimes make you fluid-; (d" ns, as we shall ever 
think of you." 

it was a strange thing to see these stroiio- men, who 
had. while they were together, been through so nuich, 
standing there almost overcome by emoti<tn, when the 
mouKMif came for them to jiart. Koosevelt spoke briefly 
and he faltered often. He >aid: 

"Officers and Men: I really do not know how to 
answer you. "NTothing could touidi and please mo as 
this has toucdied and jdeased me. Troojx'r Mnrpliy spoke 
([iHte truly when he said that uiy men were nearest to 

251 



Till': STORY OF TIIK KOlUill KIDERS. 

inj lieart, for while T need not tell to my officers in what 
(hn']) reunrd I hoki them, they will not iiiiiul my saying, 
that jnst a little closer come my "men. 

" I have never ti'ie(l to cod, lie yon, and I have never 
made a haby of any one of yon. I have never hesitated 
to call ni)on yon to s]>end yoni- best blood like water 
and to work yonr mnsclcs to the breakinii' jtoint. Of 
coni'se, I have tried to do all that 1 conld do for yon, as 
yon have ever done all that yon conld ever do for me. 
Von are the best jndges as to whether or not I have 
succeeded. 

" I am proud of this regiment be^'ond measure; I am 
]irond of it, because it is a typical American regiment, 
made np of typical Amei'ican men. The foundation of 
the regiment was the ' Hronco IJuster,' and W(> have 
him here in bron/e. The men of the West and the men 
<d' tiie Sonthwest, horsemen, riflemen, and herders of 
cattle, lia\(' been the backbone of this regiment, as they 
ai'c the iiackbone (»f their sections of the country. This 
demonstrates that Un(de Sam has nobler reserve of fight- 
ing men to call uj^on, if the necessity arises, than any 
other country in the world. 

'* The West stands ready now to fnrnish tens of thon- 
sands of men like yon, who are only samples of what onr 
country can prodnce. I)esides the cow-puncher, this 
regiment contains men fi'om every section ol' the conntry 
and from every State within the Union. This shows 
us that the West is not alone in its ability to fni-ni<li 
men like you. This gives us double reason to feel ])roiid 
on this day when we disbimd. 

"I have ])i"ofonn<l res])cct for yon. men of the TJongh 



HOME AGAIN. 

Riders, not only because you have fii>liting' qualities, but 
because jou also liave those (lualities which uuule nu'U 
recognize you as tiuhters, and euabh'd \<>\\ to be auioug 
the first who J'oniid ihc o])|)oi'hiiiily of ^clliiii;- into the 
tiuht. Outside i\\' uiy own iuiiiu'dinic family, 1 >hall 
always feel that stfouger ties exist between nie and you 
than exist between uie and anyone else on earth. It 
vour fecHuii' toward nie is like unne towards y<iu. 1 am 
more than pleased to have you tell nu' of it. 

" I realized when I took charge of you, that 1 was tak- 
ing' upon myself a grave responsibility. I cared for you 
as iudi\i(luals, but 1 did not forget at any moment that 
it might be necessary to sacritic(> the ccnufort or even the 
lives of the individuals, in order to insure the safety of 
the whole. You woidd have scorned a commander, who 
hesitated for a second to expose you to any risk. I was 
bound that no other regiment should g(^t any nearer to 
the Spanish lines than you got, and I do not think that 
any other regiment did. 

" We parted with many in the fights who could ill be 
spared, and I think that the most vivid memories we will 
take away with us will be not of our own achievements, 
not of our own dangers, not of our own suffering, but 
will be of those whom we left under Cuban sod and 
those who died in the hospitals in the United States — the 
men who died from wounds and the men who, with the 
same devotion to their country, died from fevers — I 
cannot mention all the names now, but three of them, 
Capron, O'Xeill, and Fish, will suffice. They died in 
the pride of their youthful strength and they died for 
tlieir country, like men Avho were proud to die. 

253 



THE STORY OF THE KOUGH RIDERS. 

"I should have been most deeply touched if the offi- 
cers of this regiment had uiven me this testimonial, but 
I ap})reeiate it ten-fokl, as eomiuij;,' from you, my men. 
You shared the hardships of the eampaign with uie; 
Avlien I had none, you gave me of your hardtack, and if 
1 lay c<»verless, 1 never lacked a blanket from my men to 
lie upon. 

" To have such a gift come from tins peculiarly Auier- 
ican regiment, touches me nioi-c than I can say. it is 
something that I sliall hand down to my children, and 
value more highly than 1 do the wea|>ons which 1 cari'ied 
through the canii)aign with me. 

" A'ow, hoys, 1 wish to take eacdi oi you by the hand, 
as a special privilege, and say good-by to you indi\idn- 
ally; this is to be our fai'cwell in camp; I lio]>e that it 
will not be our farewell in civil life." 

Then the men were mustered out of the service of 
Uncle Sam. Colonel Roosevelt ceased to be a soldier 
wheu his men did. lie juuqx'd into one of the camp 
stages, taking with him Lieutenants John ('. (Jreenway, 
John A. :\rclllienny, Chas. Ballard, and Hal Sayre. 
Tluy were his guests at Oyster Bay for several days, and 
on the morrow, Lieutenants David (Joodrich and 11. II. 
Ferguson joined them there. A large party of Rough 
Riders gave him a rousing good-by at the station and he 
went away Avearing his worn and stained uniform — the 
same which had carried him through one of the most 
extraordinary campaigns known in the history of war- 
fare. 

During the stay at Camp Wikoff, an effort was made to 
organize a permanent Rough Riders' Association. Lieu- 

254 



IlOME AGAIN. 

tenant-Colonel Brodie was elected president of it, and 
one or two meetings were held, after the men were mus- 
tered out. So numy of them departed immediately for 
rhcii- hollies that l>y no iiicaus all the iiiciiilicrs of the 
ri'giuu'iit have as yet been inst-rihed as memliers of this 
oriiani/.ation, hut it will undouhtedly he eventually put 
on a tirmer basis than it now occupies. 

The exodus of the liough Riders was rai»i<l. The 
cam]) seemed dead after they had gone away. Only one 
remained. This was Lieutenant-(Jolonel Brodie, who, 
because of his wounds, had been jiromoted from a major- 
ship to the second place in command. Tlis chief aim, 
after he had ceased to be a soldier, was to find a man 
ill the uniform of a second lieutenant, who had sold him 
a horse the day befor(>. Shortly after he had bought 
and i)aid for the animal, another ofKcer walked up to 
the line where he was picketed, and surprisedly re- 
marked : 

" Hello! who tied my horse here? " 

Then he took away the horse, which really belonged 

to him. 

Colonel Brody is still searching tor the lieutenant 
who sold the horse to him. 

And thus eiuled the Rough Riders, as a regiment. 



355 



CHAPTER XV. 

IN NEW YORK. 

The Rough Ividers made abuost as much of au im- 
pression on Xcw Tork CUty as they had uiadc on Cuba, 
although the carnage was not so great. Discipbne for- 
gotten, the ai'tich's of war no longer an iiiipoi'taiit con- 
sideration, and bonie in immediate prospect, tbey started 
out with what cntluisiasin tbcv liad at tluMr command — 
and it was mncli — to make tilings as liot in the nicti-opobs 
as they had Ix'cn in l)ai([uiri, on tliat ncvcr-to-bc-for- 
gotten tinui of buubng.. Tbe officers of the regiment 
went as one man to the Hoffman House, althougii it was 
understood that the i'"it"tli Avcnnc Hotel would be 
Colonel Roosevelt's headcpuirters, because it was the 
headquarters of tlie Republican (^ommittee. 

Troop ]I I'eaclied New ^'ork at midnight, and got 
lodgings in the OHa'c Tree luu, on Kast 2-5(1 Street. 
That midnight was a hot midnight for Xcw Vork ( *ity, 
and it is not likely that the proprietors of the Olive Tree 
Inn will ever forget the fact that the Rough Riders 
took lodging there. 

Troops K, M, and B paused temporarily in Long 
Island City. I will not say that the Red Cross people 
who cared for them there are sorry that they did, but it 
is unquestioualdy true that they will never forget the 
fact that the men of troo]~»s K, M, and B paused in 

256 



]N NEW VOKK. 

Long Island City, and that they were cared for by the 
people of the Ked Cross. 

iS"e\v ^'ork was dotted witli tlicir l)r(twii uiiifoniis cai-ly 
aftei- the tir>i day u\' the Ivoiigh Kiders' release. Prob- 
ahly half of them visited Broadway, and the same half 
later found things to interest them in other j^arts of Xew 
^'oi'k City. Xot one of them had removed his nniform, 
and so the public readily recognized them. 1 1 undreds of 
civilians forced their hospitality npon lliem. Four of 
them went to the Stock Exchange. They were instantly 
spotted by the memliers and were taken to the floor, an 
honor accorded to few. AVhoever was of great financial 
interest in the buihling at the time was formally intro- 
duced to them, and no one was intro(hiced to them who 
was not glad to be. The old buil(h'ng on Wall Street 
resounded for hours with cheers for the regiment, and 
their ]>resence there really had its decided effect u])on 
business for that day. 

An interesting episode of the evening occurred on 
Broadway. Six of them paused to explain to a Broad- 
way policeman that he didn't dare arrest them because, 
if he did, they would sick Roosevelt on him. lie was 
considerably puzzled by the strange* situation, and was 
about to rap for assistance when he discovered that one 
of the invading troopers was his long-lost brother. 

He didn't ra]). 

The othei- five joined hands about the two re-united 
ones, and danced a war-dance which blocked Broadway. 

And so it went. AVherever the Rough Riders could 
go, they journeyed, and wherever they journeyed tliey 
owned the town. 

] 7 257 



THE STORY OF THE ROUGH RIDERS. 

Troop II assembled at the iioliman iiuuse and had 
a little celebration at the expense of Captain Cnrry. 
It was formally aiinoiuu-ed that night that $1,000 wonld 
be paid for any horse that Sergeant Tom Darnell conld 
not ride. 

At the Il()t(d Imj)erial, the men of Troop Iv were 
gathered, and L Troop held a farewell session at the 
(J rand Tnion. \'crv late in the evening, a nnnd)er of 
the ottieers gathered at the Holland Honse and said their 
last good-bys. 

And so ended the Rough Eiders. 

With the dawning of the next day many of them 
were on the trains, speeding towards their distant homes. 
Some of the Westerners have stayed l^ast and some of 
the Easterners have gone W est. The regiment is broken 
up and scattered. 

Vale to it. 

It was the greatest fighting niacliinc tliat any army 
ever held. 

Vale. 




258 



THE ROSTER OF THE ROUGH UIDKKS. 



THE STORY OF THE ROUGH RIDERS. 







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THE STORY OF THE ROUGH RIDERS. 



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367 



THE STORY OF THE ROUGH RISERS. 



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THE STORY OF THE ROUGH IJIDERS. 



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•istian, E(l\ 
Hand, Calv 
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:hran, Will; 
jrry, Charli 
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Paniiele, Clias. A 

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289 



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